Battery balancing methods: A comprehensive review

Jian, Cao; Schofield, N.; Emadi, Ali

doi:10.1109/vppc.2008.4677669

Cited by 550 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Table 3 shows the comparison of the proposed topology and existing topologies in terms of a number of required components within the case of n cells connected in series. A buck-boost converter-based balancing topology [12,14,[36][37][38] or switched capacitor converter-based balancing topology [11,15,22,26,27,30] can be constructed with a reasonable number of components. However, the energy transfer of these topologies is limited between two adjacent cells (i.e., cell to cell balancing) when a large number of cells in SCBS increases (i.e., approximately 80 or more cells) resulting in relatively slow balancing speed and low balancing efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MWT-based balancing circuit was improved by applying forward-flyback conversion [23] to balance the cells. The buck-boost converter-based cell balancing, which reduces switching loss to obtain high efficiency, is applied to EVs and HEVs [12,23,26]. However, this balancing technique requires an intelligent control and a large number of switches, resulting in relative complexity and high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this balancing technique requires an intelligent control and a large number of switches, resulting in relative complexity and high cost. In addition, a balancing method based on a switched capacitor circuit (SCC) [11,15,26,27] has been widely utilized in energy storage applications thanks to advantages such as simple design and control and elimination of a voltage sensor for each cell. Importantly, the SCC can be employed in the modular method as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

Bui

Kim

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:In this paper, a cell balancing topology for a series-connected Lithium-Ion battery string (SCBS) in electric vehicles is proposed and experimentally verified. In particular, this balancing topology based on the modular balancer consists of an intra-module balancer based on a multi-winding transformer circuit and an outer-module balancer based on a switched capacitor converter, both offering the potential advantages and over conventional balancing methods, including short equalization time, simple control scheme, elimination of voltage sensors. In addition, a number of cells in the SCBS can be easily extended in this circuit. Furthermore, a system structure and an operating principle of the proposed topology are analyzed and experimentally verified for three different cases. The voltages of all cells in the SCBS reached the balanced state regardless of the various arrangement of the initial voltage, where the energy efficiency of the circuit reached 83.31%. Our experimental realization of the proposed balancing topology shows that such a technique could be employed in electric vehicles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

Bui

Kim

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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“…Since the forecasting of wind speed and the time when wind blows is too difficult due to the fact that wind speed is an uncertain parameter, wind power generation would be Storage System (ESS) [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. The most common ESS is battery.…”

Section: -Wind With Phevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this system, load is a battery which can be considered as energy sink with almost fixed voltage while it is able to absorb power at any level until the charging current is in range. Since, voltage is almost constant and the current would vary, the battery can be considered as a variable-resistance load [95,96].…”

Section: -Wind-batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the management of wind power intermittency

Rahimi

Rabiee

Aghaei

et al. 2013

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Nowadays, the world is encountering severe challenges in the energy generation sector. Environmental issues like climate change, global warming and Green House Gases (GHGs) and also social issues like dramatic increase in global population and increasing energy demand are the main causes of global concerns about energy resource management. In this regard, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are the suitable substitution to replace the conventional generating units that emit GHGs due to the use of fossil fuels. Among all RESs, wind energy seems to be promising for generating emission-free electrical energy. However, it is naturally unpredictable due to its intermittency which leads to s ome technical problems such as generation imbalance as well as optimal reserve allocation. This paper investigates the solutions to compensate wind intermittency through introducing various technolo gies such as Pumped-Hydro Storage (PH S) units, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), solar energy and other electric storages like batteries. Abstract-Nowadays, the world is encountering severe challenges in the energy generation sector. Environmental issues like climate change, global warming and Green House Gases

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Control and state of charge balancing algorithm for modular multilevel STATCOM with distributed ultracapacitor‐based energy storage system at the DC link

Bharadwaj

Maiti

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary In this paper, a new configuration of ultracapacitor (UC)‐based energy storage system is proposed aiming applications at higher power level. The configuration can provide active and reactive power support together. The UC is chosen due to its longer life cycle and fast transient response. The UCs are integrated at the DC link of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) through distributed DC‐DC converters. This configuration possesses better features in terms of power quality, modularity, redundancy, and efficiency compared with conventional two‐/three‐level topologies. The integration of ultracapacitors with the MMC and associated control related issues is discussed in this paper. An algorithm to balance the state of charge among the distributed energy storage modules is also proposed. The performance of the proposed system and the associated control methods are verified for a wind energy generation system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and the results show satisfactory performance.

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Battery balancing methods: A comprehensive review

Cited by 550 publications

References 18 publications

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

On the management of wind power intermittency

Control and state of charge balancing algorithm for modular multilevel STATCOM with distributed ultracapacitor‐based energy storage system at the DC link

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