Battery Energy Storage System Control for Mitigating PV Penetration Impact on Primary Frequency Control and State-of-Charge Recovery

Abstract

Increasing PV penetration significantly diminishes system inertia that affects systems' damping capability to regulate primary frequency control. Unlike wind turbine, PV energy system is incapable of providing under-frequency support because of no stored kinetic energy and could cause penalties for violating regulatory requirements. Therefore, a droop-type, lead-lag controlled Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) with a novel adaptive SOC recovery strategy is proposed in this paper to provide additional damping, enhance the inertial ability of the system with 18.18% PV penetration and which satisfy Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) regulatory requirements. The adaptive SOC recovery aims to maintain flexible battery SOC value according to load/PV generation forecast and comply with future events such as peak PV generation or lower PV output during the passing cloud periods. The proposed adaptive SOC strategy regulates SOC based on the value of charging current and moreover, adaptive SOC recovery does not affect the maximum SOC limit for the regular network event. Simulation results demonstrate BESS efficacy in mitigating the adverse inertial impact of PV and accomplishing mandatory grid requirements. Moreover, the proposed adaptive SOC recovery shows the flexibility of BESS for SOC management planning in accordance with future events forecast.

Provision of Synthetic Inertia Support for Converter-Dominated Weak Grids

“…The UC deals with fast changing frequency by providing synthetic inertia through df /dt−based approach (which it is prone to instability [16]); whilst the LAB mimics automatic governor response. In [23], the authors introduce a droop−type, lead−lag controlled battery EES with a new adaptive state−of−charge recovery. This method enhances inertial and damping ability of the host power system.…”

Battery Energy Storage System for Aggregated Inertia-Droop Control and a Novel Frequency Dependent State-of-Charge Recovery

“…On the contrary, the study by Zhu and Zhang [29] proposed an SOC recovery strategy that could minimize the penalty costs due to the failure of frequency regulation. Variable SOC recovery strategies were proposed by Datta et al [30] depending on the value of the charging current. However, the impact of SOC management on the performance of the controller and grid frequency was not considered by Zhu and Zhang [29] and by Datta et al [30].…”

“…Variable SOC recovery strategies were proposed by Datta et al [30] depending on the value of the charging current. However, the impact of SOC management on the performance of the controller and grid frequency was not considered by Zhu and Zhang [29] and by Datta et al [30].…”

State of Charge Control Integrated with Load Frequency Control for BESS in Islanded Microgrid

“…Frequency stability problems occur on islanded microgrid systems when power imbalances occur. This requires the availability of a fast frequency response, to resolve the stability problem [3][4][5][6]; the inability of the system to perform the response could increase severe problems in the operation and control of the islanded microgrid.…”