Battery-free, wireless, and flexible electrochemical patch for in situ analysis of sweat cortisol via near field communication

Smartphones are becoming increasingly versatile thanks to the wide variety of sensor and actuator systems packed in them. Mobile devices today go well beyond their original purpose as communication devices, and this enables important new applications, ranging from augmented reality to the Internet of Things. Personalized diagnostics is one of the areas where mobile devices can have the greatest impact. Hitherto, the camera and communication abilities of these devices have been barely exploited for point of care (POC) purposes. This short review covers the recent evolution of mobile devices in the area of POC diagnostics and puts forward some ideas that may facilitate the development of more advanced applications and devices in the area of personalized diagnostics. With this purpose, the potential exploitation of wireless power and actuation of sensors and biosensors using near field communication (NFC), the use of the screen as a light source for actuation and spectroscopic analysis, using the haptic module to enhance mass transport in micro volumes, and the use of magnetic sensors are discussed.

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“…This patch, which has a limit of detection ca. 7.3 nM cortisol, can reportedly cover the concentration range of sweat cortisol (22-286 nM) [50].…”

Section: Nfc-and Smartphone-based Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Prospects

Merazzo

Totoricaguena-Gorriño

Fernández-Martín

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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“…[172] Further wearable applications include the use of NFC to power electrochemical sensors for the detection of calcium and chloride [173] and cortisol in sweat. [44] A major bottleneck is that the sensors can only be powered within the near-field of the reader (e.g., few centimeters) when using a smartphone as a reader and for a limited time of analysis. Therefore, the NFC in WeSPEDs is limited to a low frequency of measurements, hindering its usefulness for continuous data analysis.…”

Section: Other Energy Harvesters and Suppliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5E shows the coupling of an electrochemical immunosensor for cortisol detection with a NFC module for wireless power harvesting and data interaction with a NFC-enabled smartphone. [44] The NFC module in the wearable patch gathered energy when the NFC reader (i.e., smartphone) is in close contact, and subsequently supply power to the whole circuit to launch a DPV measurement through a miniaturized potentiostat. Later, the signal is transmitted under a 13.56 MHz electromagnetic field back to the smartphone.…”

Section: Examples Of Wearable Self-powered Electrochemical Devices For (Bio)chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Self‐Powered Electrochemical Devices for Continuous Health Management

Parrilla

Wael

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The wearable revolution is already present in society through numerous gadgets. However, the contest remains in fully deployable wearable (bio) chemical sensing. Its use is constrained by the energy consumption which is provided by miniaturized batteries, limiting the autonomy of the device. Hence, the combination of materials and engineering efforts to develop sustainable energy management is paramount in the next generation of wearable self-powered electrochemical devices (WeSPEDs). In this direction, this review highlights for the first time the incorporation of innovative energy harvesting technologies with top-notch wearable self-powered sensors and low-powered electrochemical sensors toward battery-free and self-sustainable devices for health and wellbeing management. First, current elements such as wearable designs, electrochemical sensors, energy harvesters and storage, and user interfaces that conform WeSPEDs are depicted. Importantly, the bottlenecks in the development of WeSPEDs from an analytical perspective, product side, and power needs are carefully addressed. Subsequently, energy harvesting opportunities to power wearable electrochemical sensors are discussed. Finally, key findings that will enable the next generation of wearable devices are proposed. Overall, this review aims to bring new strategies for an energy-balanced deployment of WeSPEDs for successful monitoring of (bio) chemical parameters of the body toward personalized, predictive, and importantly, preventive healthcare.

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“…Data transfer from e-skin systems mainly relied on standard communication protocols such as RFID and near field communications (NFC) [179,180], Bluetooth Low Energy ( [149,168]), and Wi-Fi ( [181]), for short-range, medium-range and long-range transmission, respectively. However, on-demand wireless power transfer and data acquisition configuration, energy harvesting for continuous sensing and data transmission configuration, battery-powered configuration, or an energy harvesting/battery storage/on-demand data transfer combination were technology-dependent.…”

Section: Power Management Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Skin: The Dawn of a New Era of On-Body Monitoring Systems

et al. 2021

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Real-time “on-body” monitoring of human physiological signals through wearable systems developed on flexible substrates (e-skin) is the next target in human health control and prevention, while an alternative to bulky diagnostic devices routinely used in clinics. The present work summarizes the recent trends in the development of e-skin systems. Firstly, we revised the material development for e-skin systems. Secondly, aspects related to fabrication techniques were presented. Next, the main applications of e-skin systems in monitoring, such as temperature, pulse, and other bio-electric signals related to health status, were analyzed. Finally, aspects regarding the power supply and signal processing were discussed. The special features of e-skin as identified contribute clearly to the developing potential as in situ diagnostic tool for further implementation in clinical practice at patient personal levels.

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Battery-free, wireless, and flexible electrochemical patch for in situ analysis of sweat cortisol via near field communication

Cited by 106 publications

References 37 publications

Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Prospects

Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Prospects

Wearable Self‐Powered Electrochemical Devices for Continuous Health Management

E-Skin: The Dawn of a New Era of On-Body Monitoring Systems

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