Battery storage in residential applications of energy from photovoltaic sources

Landgrebe, Albert R.; Donley, S.W.

doi:10.1016/0306-2619(83)90039-9

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Durch die stetigen technologischen Verbesserungen eignen sich Batterien zunehmend für den Einsatz als Betriebsmittel zur Wahrung der Versorgungssicherheit und Netzstabilität [32]. Batterien sind praktisch wartungsfrei [24], weisen kurze Reaktionszeiten auf [23], sind sehr effizient mit Systemwirkungsgraden von 65-90 % (inklusive Wechselrichter) [5,28] und können in unterschiedlichen Größenklassen eingesetzt werden. Allerdings sind die Lebenszykluskosten derzeit noch zu hoch.…”

Section: Second-use-elektrofahrzeugbatterienunclassified

Autonomes Demand Side Management verteilter Energiespeicher

Kepplinger

Fässler

Huber

et al. 2019

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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Verbraucherseitige Laststeuerung (Demand Side Management -DSM) wird als ein möglicher Ansatz betrachtet, um die Auswirkungen des Ausbaus von fluktuierenden Erneuerbaren im Stromnetz auszugleichen. Sollen viele verteilte Energiesysteme damit angesprochen werden, stellen zentralistische Ansätze dabei hohe Anforderungen an die Kommunikationsinfrastruktur. Als Alternative wird vielfach eine autonome Laststeuerung (ADSM) mit anreizbasierter Optimierung direkt auf dem Verbrauchergerät betrachtet. Dabei kann die Anreizfunktion mittels unidirektionaler Kommunikation übertragen werden. Am Forschungszentrum Energie der Fachhochschule Vorarlberg wurden in den letzten Jahren Algorithmen und Prototypen für den Einsatz von ADSM auf verschiedensten verteilten Energiespeichern im elektrischen Stromnetz entwickelt. Dabei werden sowohl thermische Energiespeicher (z. B. Haushalts-Warmwasserspeicher) als auch elektrochemische Speicher (z. B. Batteriespeichersysteme oder Elektroautos) betrachtet. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen solcher Systeme auf das elektrische Verteilnetz untersucht. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die entwickelten Methoden und Ergebnisse aus diesem Forschungsfeld mit dem Ziel, ein weitreichendes Verständnis für die Chancen und Grenzen des ADSM zu schaffen. Schlüsselwörter: Demand Side Management; Lastmanagement; Warmwasserspeicher; Stationäre Batteriespeicher; Elektromobilität Autonomous demand side management of distributed energy storages: Review of the scientific contributions by the "Energy Systems and Components" research group at the Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences.Demand Side Management (DSM) is considered a viable approach to mitigate the effects of the increasing share of strongly volatile energy production by renewables. When many distributed energy storage systems must be integrated, central control approaches have high requirements with regard to communication infrastructure. Autonomous DSM (ADSM) with incentive-driven optimization directly on the device is seen as alternative as it requires only a unidirectional communication to control the distributed flexibility.At the Research Centre Energy of Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, algorithms and prototypes for ADSM of distributed energy storages have been developed over the last years. Both thermal energy storages (e.g. domestic hot water systems) and electro-chemical energy storages (e.g. stationary batteries, electric vehicles) are considered. Moreover, the impact of such systems on distribution grids are investigated. This article gives an overview of the developed methods for ADSM and the results achieved with the aim of creating a broad understanding on the opportunities and limitations of ADSM.Diese Arbeit wird finanziell unterstützt durch das Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft und die Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung.

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Section: Second-use-elektrofahrzeugbatterienunclassified

Autonomes Demand Side Management verteilter Energiespeicher

Kepplinger

Fässler

Huber

et al. 2019

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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“…These advantages have prompted on studies on hybrid solarwind energy systems with ESSs [4][5][6][7][8]. Several studies have focused on the optimum sizing of hybrid systems with advanced optimization techniques considering resource variability and load uncertainty [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells

Epureanu

2016

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sThermal swelling shape is different than Li-ion intercalation swelling shape. Nonuniform temperature and gap creation leads to a convex shape at free conditions. Important parameters of thermal mechanics are estimated through experiments. A coupled thermal-structural analysis accurately predicts thermal swelling shape. Nonuniform temperature still plays a critical role at pack conditions. Keywords:Lithium-ion battery Battery swelling shape Thermal expansion The coefficient of thermal expansion The coupled thermal-structural analysis a b s t r a c tThe thermal mechanics of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is explored with a focus on thermal swelling. Experiments show for the first time that the swelling shape of prismatic battery cells due to temperature variations is significantly different from that due to Li-ion intercalation in unconstrained conditions. In contrast to uniform and orthotropic Li-ion intercalation swelling in a direction perpendicular to electrodes, the nonuniform temperature distribution in the jellyroll and the gaps/voids between electrodes result in distinguishable different swelling shapes. A unique coupled thermal-structural analysis with a simple, but efficient 3-D finite numerical model is proposed to investigate the impact of temperature variations on the thermal behaviors of battery cells. Anisotropic heat conduction and temperature dependency of the coefficient of thermal expansion are taken into account and found to have an impact on temperature distribution and thermal expansion. Experimental validation of the proposed model clearly demonstrates that the coupled thermal-structural analysis with the proposed model can predict accurately the thermal swelling at unconstrained conditions. The solution at pack (constrained) conditions shows that the nonuniform temperature distribution of the jellyroll still plays a critical role for the thermal swelling shape, although the gaps/voids do not occur because of the constraints from spacers in the pack, suggesting that the estimation of core temperature is important. Such an accurate model, able to estimate cell thermal behavior, is beneficial to the design of Li-ion batteries, development of stress or strain sensors, optimum sensor placement, and thermal management of not only single battery cells but also battery packs.

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“…Aggregation of small, distributed loads and storage systems for demand side management (DSM), along with the deployment of control strategies with the specific aim of balancing the grid is considered a promising approach [4], [7], [8]. More specifically, battery storage systems have been proposed for distributed approaches [9], as 1) their time scales will soon range from seconds to days [10], 2) they are practically maintenance-free [11], 3) they are quick to respond [12], and 4) they are highly efficient [13], [14], exhibiting total round-trip efficiencies (converter-battery-converter) ranging from 65% to almost 90% [15]. Several types of battery technologies, using a range of cell chemistries [5], [14], have been investigated for grid-tied balancing approaches [16]- [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field testing of repurposed electric vehicle batteries for price-driven grid balancing

Faessler

Kepplinger

Petrasch

2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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As electric cars become more widespread, the disposal and recycling of used batteries will become an important challenge. Typically, vehicle batteries are replaced if their capacity drops to 70-80% of initial capacity. However, they may still be useful for stationary applications. In this paper, results from a field test of a molten salt high-temperature electric vehicle battery repurposed as stationary storage for grid balancing are presented. In a previous study, we have shown that a mixed integer linear programming control strategy driven by a spot-market price for electricity is best suited for an implementation on hardware with limited computational resources. A 14-day experiment resulted in a round-trip energy efficiency (converter-battery-converter) of about 74.4%. The earnings per battery capacity per day achieved in this period amounted to 7.38 €/MWh. An error analysis of the model underlying the optimization showed a root mean square error of 7.6% between the estimated and measured state of charge. The field test implementation shows a substantial economic deviation of 37.3% between theoretical and physical potential of grid-balancing measures due to model inaccuracies and technical characteristics, thereby demonstrating the urgent need for field tests of repurposed electric vehicle batteries for stationary applications.

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Battery storage in residential applications of energy from photovoltaic sources

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Autonomes Demand Side Management verteilter Energiespeicher

Autonomes Demand Side Management verteilter Energiespeicher

Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells

Field testing of repurposed electric vehicle batteries for price-driven grid balancing

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