Bayes and the first person: consciousness of thoughts, inner speech and probabilistic inference

Knappik, Franz

doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1321-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, the targeting of the researchers' attention to inner speech also cannot ensure the optimal reliability of introspective reporting. Knappik (2017) points out that inner speech is normally highly fragmentary and condensed, and that it is problematic for subjects to express the stream of their inner speech in words.…”

Section: Expressional Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of bias in introspection: Methodological advances, refinements, and recommendations

Trnka

Smelik

2020

New Ideas in Psychology

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Building on past constructive criticism, the present study provides further methodological development focused on the elimination of bias that may occur during first-person observation. First, various sources of errors that may accompany introspection are distinguished based on previous critical literature. Four main errors are classified, namely attentional, attributional, conceptual, and expressional error. Furthermore, methodological recommendations for the possible elimination of these errors have been determined based on the analysis and focused excerpting of introspective scientific literature. The following groups of methodological recommendations were determined: 1) a better focusing of the subject's attention to their mental processes, 2) providing suitable stimuli, and 3) the sharing of introspective experience between subjects. Furthermore, the potential of adjustments in introspective research designs for eliminating attentional, attributional, conceptual, and expressional error is discussed.

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Section: Expressional Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of bias in introspection: Methodological advances, refinements, and recommendations

Trnka

Smelik

2020

New Ideas in Psychology

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“…It might be objected against this proposed explanation that relevance theory is a broadly Gricean account of communication, which thus assumes that successful communication depends richly on communicative intentions (Knappik, 2017). Speakers are assumed to have the intention of producing messages that will be maximally relevant to their audience; and audiences take intentions-to-be-relevant for granted.…”

Section: Why So Reliable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Causes and Contents of Inner Speech

Carruthers¹

2018

Oxford Scholarship Online

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This chapter will first sketch an account of how inner speech is generated. It will suggest that most inner speech comprises attended “sensory forward models” of mentally rehearsed speech actions. The chapter will then argue that inner speech needs to be interpreted by normal language-comprehension mechanisms in order to acquire content. The contents of inner speech, it will be suggested, can include semantic and pragmatic information (“what is said” and “what is meant”), as well as mental state information (what attitude one takes to the saying of it—judging, believing, wondering whether, and so on).

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“…Inner speech—roughly, the activity of speaking to oneself in one's mind—is starting to receive some attention from philosophers. Most prominently, Peter Carruthers (e.g., Carruthers , , , forthcoming) and Quassim Cassam () have argued that inner speech is an important source of self‐knowledge, that is, knowledge of our own mental states (see also (at least) Byrne , ; O'Brien ; Jorba and Vicente ; Roessler ; Bar‐On and Ochs ; Knappik ; though compare Langland‐Hassan ). There have been suggestions that inner speech may play a role in directing attention (Clowes ; Fernández ; Jorba and Vicente ; Martínez‐Manrique and Vicente ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been suggestions that inner speech may play a role in directing attention (Clowes ; Fernández ; Jorba and Vicente ; Martínez‐Manrique and Vicente ). There has been some investigation as to whether classic material dealing with interpersonal speech (e.g., Grice's ), conversational maxims, the Relevance Theory of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson (Sperber and Wilson ; Wilson and Sperber ), transfers to inner speech (Gregory ; Geurts ; Knappik ; Carruthers forthcoming). There has been discussion of the possible relationship between inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations, that is, experiences of ‘hearing voices’, and thought insertions, that is, episodes of seeming to experience the thoughts of others (e.g., Langland‐Hassan ; Wu ; Vicente ; Gregory )…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feeling of Sincerity

Gregory

2018

Thought: A Journal of Philosophy

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There is a growing literature in philosophy dealing with the phenomenon of inner speech, that is, the activity of speaking to oneself in one's mind. This paper highlights a feature of inner speech which has not yet been noticed in this literature: that there is something distinctive that it is like to make a sincere assertion in inner speech (and, indeed, in external speech). The paper then traces out two implications of this observation. The first relates to the question of how we should characterise inner speech; the second relates to the question of how inner speech may play a role in self‐attributions of belief.

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Bayes and the first person: consciousness of thoughts, inner speech and probabilistic inference

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Elimination of bias in introspection: Methodological advances, refinements, and recommendations

Elimination of bias in introspection: Methodological advances, refinements, and recommendations

The Causes and Contents of Inner Speech

The Feeling of Sincerity

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