“…Ordinary differential equations (ODE) have been widely used to model dynamic systems and biological and physical processes in a variety of scientific applications. Examples include infectious disease (Liang and Wu, 2008), genomics (Cao and Zhao, 2008;Chou and Voit, 2009;Ma et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2011;Henderson and Michailidis, 2014;Wu et al, 2014), neuroscience (Izhikevich, 2007;Zhang et al, 2015Zhang et al, , 2017Cao et al, 2019), among many others. A system of ODEs takes the form,…”