Bayesian parameter estimation for the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading

Seelig, Stefan A.; Rabe, Maximilian M.; Malem-Shinitski, Noa; Reich, Sebastian; Engbert, Ralf

doi:10.32470/ccn.2019.1369-0

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Parameter inference of the dynamical models discussed here was implemented in the general framework of data assimilation 64 using a fully Bayesian estimation procedure 16 , 71 , 72 . In this statistical inference we used the computation of the models’ likelihood functions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

et al. 2020

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How we perceive a visual scene depends critically on the selection of gaze positions. For this selection process, visual attention is known to play a key role in two ways. First, image-features attract visual attention, a fact that is captured well by time-independent fixation models. Second, millisecond-level attentional dynamics around the time of saccade drives our gaze from one position to the next. These two related research areas on attention are typically perceived as separate, both theoretically and experimentally. Here we link the two research areas by demonstrating that perisaccadic attentional dynamics improve predictions on scan path statistics. In a mathematical model, we integrated perisaccadic covert attention with dynamic scan path generation. Our model reproduces saccade amplitude distributions, angular statistics, intersaccadic turning angles, and their impact on fixation durations as well as inter-individual differences using Bayesian inference. Therefore, our result lend support to the relevance of perisaccadic attention to gaze statistics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

et al. 2020

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“…There are now a number of relatively successful models of eye-movement control during reading (Engbert, Longtin, & Kliegl, 2002; Engbert, Nuthmann, Richter, & Kliegl, 2005; Pollatsek, Reichle, & Rayner, 2006; Reichle, Pollatsek, Fisher, & Rayner, 1998; Reichle, Rayner, & Pollatsek, 2003; Reichle, Warren, & McConnell, 2009; Reilly & Radach, 2003, 2006; Risse, Hohenstein, Kliegl, & Engbert, 2014; Schad & Engbert, 2012; Seelig et al, 2019; Snell, van Leipsig, Grainger, & Meeter, 2018). All of these models are capable of capturing important aspects of oculomotor behaviour during reading, such as fixation locations within words, refixation rates, and fixation durations.…”

Section: Computational Models Of Eye-movement Control During Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Readers Integrate Phonological Codes Across Saccades? A Bayesian Meta-Analysis and a Survey of the Unpublished Literature

Vasilev

Yates

Slattery

2019

Journal of Cognition

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It is commonly accepted that phonological codes can be activated parafoveally during reading and later used to aid foveal word recognition- a finding known as the phonological preview benefit. However, a closer look at the literature shows that this effect may be less consistent than what is sometimes believed. To determine the extent to which phonology is processed parafoveally, a Bayesian meta-analysis of 27 experiments and a survey of the unpublished literature were conducted. While the results were generally consistent with the phonological preview benefit (>90% probability of a true effect in gaze durations), the size of the effect was small. Readers of alphabetical orthographies obtained a modest benefit of only 4 ms in gaze durations. Interestingly, Chinese readers showed a larger effect (6–14 ms in size). There was no difference in the magnitude of the phonological preview benefit between homophone and pseudo-homophone previews, thus suggesting that the modest processing advantage is indeed related to the activation of phonological codes from the parafoveal word. Simulations revealed that the results are relatively robust to missing studies, although the effects may be 19–22% smaller if all missing studies found a null effect. The results suggest that while phonology can be processed parafoveally, this happens only to a limited extent. Because phonological priming effects in single-word recognition are small (10–13 ms; Rastle & Brysbaert, 2006) and there is a loss of visual acuity in the parafovea, it is argued that large phonological preview benefit effects may be unlikely.

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“…Another prerequisite for the investigation of quantitative predictions is a reliable framework for statistical inference. Recently, we implemented a fully Bayesian framework for parameter inference for the SWIFT model 23 , 24 , which permits parameter identification based on experimental data from single readers in a statistically rigorous way. Therefore, we implement our assumptions on the interaction of fixation duration with foveal and parafoveal processing in the SWIFT model to investigate the potential of various mechanisms in explaining the integration of foveal and parafoveal information during reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ). In the lastest version of SWIFT 23 , 24 , only the processing of the currently fixated word in the fovea affects the random timer through foveal inhibition. In this study, we investigate additional parafoveal inhibition from activation to the right of the fixated word n .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading

Seelig

Risse

Engbert

2021

Sci Rep

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Skilled reading requires information processing of the fixated and the not-yet-fixated words to generate precise control of gaze. Over the last 30 years, experimental research provided evidence that word processing is distributed across the perceptual span, which permits recognition of the fixated (foveal) word as well as preview of parafoveal words to the right of fixation. However, theoretical models have been unable to differentiate the specific influences of foveal and parafoveal information on saccade control. Here we show how parafoveal word difficulty modulates spatial and temporal control of gaze in a computational model to reproduce experimental results. In a fully Bayesian framework, we estimated model parameters for different models of parafoveal processing and carried out large-scale predictive simulations and model comparisons for a gaze-contingent reading experiment. We conclude that mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments permits the precise identification of pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, uncovering potential mechanisms underlying the parafoveal contribution to eye-movement control.

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Bayesian parameter estimation for the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

Modeling the effects of perisaccadic attention on gaze statistics during scene viewing

Do Readers Integrate Phonological Codes Across Saccades? A Bayesian Meta-Analysis and a Survey of the Unpublished Literature

Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading

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