BCG Vaccination and Tuberculosis in Japan.

Rahman, Mahbubur; Takahashi, Osamu; Goto, Masashi; Fukui, Tsuguya

doi:10.2188/jea.13.127

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The estimated prevalence (24 per 100 000 in 2013) was also higher than the OECD average (15 per 100 000) . Reflecting this situation, bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) has long been included in the routine vaccination program and most residents of Japan have been vaccinated with BCG in their childhood …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis screening prior to anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy among patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases in Japan: a longitudinal study using a large‐scale health insurance claims database

et al. 2017

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis screening prior to anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy among patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases in Japan: a longitudinal study using a large‐scale health insurance claims database

et al. 2017

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“…Despite having been used for a very long time and on a massive scale, the BCG vaccine is the most controversial among widely used vaccines, due to conflicting data on its protective efficacy [2,4]. The vaccine is known to be most effective in protecting children against severe forms of the disease, such as TB meningitis [102].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the literature on the economics of vaccination against TB

Rozenbaum

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

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The BCG vaccine was introduced in 1921 and remains the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of TB worldwide. Despite its extensive use, the BCG vaccine lacks the ability to fully control the TB-endemic and -pandemic situations. The BCG vaccine is most effective in preventing pediatric TB, in particular, miliary TB and tuberculous meningitis. However, it has a limited effect in preventing pulmonary TB, which occurs more frequently in adults. BCG vaccination has now been implemented in more than 157 countries worldwide. For various countries, the benefits of vaccination are only limited and potentially not cost effective. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases had set the criteria for discontinuation of BCG vaccination in 1994. This decision, however, was not based on economic considerations. Many developed countries have met the criteria set by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and stopped universal BCG vaccination. For developing countries, the BCG vaccine is still an effective intervention in protecting young children from TB infection. A lot of effort has been spent on R&D of new TB vaccines, the first of which are expected to be available within 5-7 years from now. Novel TB vaccines are expected to be better and more effective than the current BCG vaccine and should provide a viable strategy in controlling TB morbidity and mortality. In this review, the aim is to explore economic evaluations that have been carried out for vaccination against TB worldwide. In addition to epidemiological evidence, economic evidence can play a crucial role in supporting the governments of countries in making proper public health decisions on BCG vaccination policies, in particular, to implement, continue, or discontinue.

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“…The BCG vaccination has been used for almost the entire Japanese population during infancy and childhood (6). As the results of tuberculin skin testing are affected by the BCG vaccination (12), they show a status of passive immunization to tuberculosis in most cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuberculin skin testing has been used secondarily. However, Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been used universally in infants and in children in Japan and many healthy subjects have shown positive results for tuberculin skin testing (6). Furthermore, it would be difficult to evaluate the results of tuberculin skin testing because cellular immunity is suppressed in the dialysis population (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serological Diagnosis Tests for Tuberculosis in Hemodialysis Patients

Yanai

Uehara

Takeuchi³

et al. 2006

Ther Apher Dial

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Patients receiving hemodialysis are generally considered to be at increased risk of developing tuberculosis. In the current study, in order to evaluate the usefulness of serological tests in dialysis patients, serum antibodies for tuberculous glycolipids antigen (TBGL) and for lipoarabinomannan (LAM) were measured in hemodialysis patients. The present study included 243 hemodialysis patients. Serum antibodies for TBGL and LAM were measured. Tuberculin skin tests were carried out and chest X-rays evaluated at the same time. There were no patients with active tuberculosis at the time of blood sampling. Thirty-six patients (14.8%) and 25 patients (10.3%) were positive for anti-TBGL antibody and anti-LAM antibody, respectively. One hundred and fifty-five patients (63.8%) were positive for tuberculin skin testing and 123 patients (50.6%) had old pulmonary tuberculosis on their chest X-ray. There was no significant correlation between the results of anti-TBGL antibody and anti-LAM antibody. There were no relationships among the results of tuberculin skin test and the two serological tests. However, positivity of anti-TBGL antibody and anti-LAM antibody was significantly higher in patients with findings of old tuberculosis on the chest X-ray than those without findings. The current results show that these serological tests are positive more frequently in hemodialysis patients without any proof of active tuberculosis than in healthy subjects (2%) and careful interpretation is necessary for relevant results.

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BCG Vaccination and Tuberculosis in Japan.

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Tuberculosis screening prior to anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy among patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases in Japan: a longitudinal study using a large‐scale health insurance claims database

Tuberculosis screening prior to anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy among patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases in Japan: a longitudinal study using a large‐scale health insurance claims database

A review of the literature on the economics of vaccination against TB

Evaluation of Serological Diagnosis Tests for Tuberculosis in Hemodialysis Patients

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