Bchex virulence gene of Botrytis cinerea: characterization and functional analysis

Aguayo, Claudio; Riquelme, José C.; Valenzuela, Pablo; Hahn, Matthias; Moreno, E. Silva

doi:10.1007/s10327-011-0311-4

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…2 ). BcBMP1, BcPME1 , BcPLS1, BcXyn, BcPLC1 and Bchex were previously found to be involved in plant infection processes and defined as essential determinants for Bc pathogenicity (47, 59–64). All virulence genes assayed exhibited statistically significant down-regulation upon CK treatment ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin inhibits fungal development and virulence by targeting the cytoskeleton and cellular trafficking

Gupta

Anand

Pizarro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cytokinin (CK) is an important plant developmental regulator, having activities in many aspects of plant life and its response to the environment. CKs are involved in diverse processes in the plant, including stem-cell maintenance, vascular differentiation, growth and branching of roots and shoots, leaf senescence, nutrient balance and stress tolerance. In some cases, phytopathogens secrete CKs. It has been suggested that to achieve pathogenesis in the host, CK-secreting biotrophs manipulate CK signaling to regulate the host cell cycle and nutrient allocation. CK is known to induce host plant resistance to several classes of phytopathogens from a handful of works, with induced host immunity via salicylic acid signaling suggested to be the prevalent mechanism for this host resistance. Here, we show that CK directly inhibits the growth, development, and virulence of fungal phytopathogens. Focusing on Botrytis cinerea (Bc), we demonstrate that various aspects of fungal development can be reversibly inhibited by physiological concentrations of CK. We also found that CK affects both budding and fission yeast in a similar manner. Investigating the mechanism by which CK influences fungal development, we found that CK affects cellular trafficking in Bc, lowering endocytic rates and endomembrane compartment sizes, likely leading to reduced growth rates and arrested developmental programs. Mutant analyses in yeast confirmed that the endocytic pathway is a CK target. Our work uncovers a remarkably conserved role for a plant growth hormone in fungal biology, suggesting that co-evolution between pathogen and host resulted in fascinating molecular adaptations on fundamental processes in eukaryotic biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin inhibits fungal development and virulence by targeting the cytoskeleton and cellular trafficking

Gupta

Anand

Pizarro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…On the other hand, the expression of bcaox 1, a gene related to oxidative stress in fungi, is increased in presence of polygodial, which suggest a mitochondrial dysfunction due to damage of ATP-forming complexes located in the inner membrane ( Figure 8 d). Finally, in Figure 8 c it is clearly seen that polygodial induces a strong underexpression of bchex , which is a gene involved in hyphal growth damage [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in the presence of polygodial the expression level of bchex is 4–5 times below the expression measured for the control, whereas in the presence of drimenol this gene is 20 times overexpressed. This gene encodes to the principal protein of the Woronin body whose main function is to seal septal pores in response to cellular damage, and in a previous work we have shown that growth of fungi mutation lacking this gene is greatly reduced [ 20 ]. Thus, these results confirm that polygodial is not affecting mycelial growth and, therefore, its effect may be completely attributed to inhibition of germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Effect of Polygodial on Botrytis cinerea, a Fungal Pathogen Affecting Table Grapes

Carrasco

Robles-Kelly

Rubio

et al. 2017

IJMS

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The antifungal activity of polygodial, a secondary metabolite extracted from Canelo, on mycelial growth of different Botrytis cinerea isolates has been evaluated. The results show that polygodial affects growth of normal and resistant isolates of B. cinerea with EC50 values ranging between 117 and 175 ppm. In addition, polygodial markedly decreases the germination of B. cinerea, i.e., after six hours of incubation the percentage of germination decreases from 92% (control) to 25% and 5% in the presence of 20 ppm and 80 ppm of polygodial, respectively. Morphological studies indicate that conidia treated with polygodial are smaller, with irregular membrane border, and a lot of cell debris, as compared to conidia in the control. The existence of polygodial-induced membrane damage was confirmed by SYTOX® Green uptake assay. Gene expression studies confirm that the effect of polygodial on B. cinerea is mainly attributed to inhibition of germination and appears at early stages of B. cinerea development. On the other hand, drimenol, a drimane with chemical structure quite similar to polygodial, inhibits the mycelial growth efficiently. Thus, both compounds inhibit mycelial growth by different mechanisms. The different antifungal activities of these compounds are discussed in terms of the electronic density on the double bond.

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“…This suggests that other compounds than those measured in our study (glucose, fructose, sucrose) may be implicated, or that only some of the soluble sugars, such as fructose and sucrose, are implicated in the response to infection. The recent description of a mutant of B. cinerea incapable of using fructose as a sole carbon source (Aguayo et al 2011) should provide a useful tool to investigate this subject further. Competition for nutrients is a common mode of action of biocontrol agents on plant surfaces.…”

Section: Relationship Between Stem Tissue Content and The Severity Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertilization impacts biocontrol of tomato gray mold

Abro¹,

Lecompte²,

Bardin³

et al. 2013

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a common threat for greenhouse production of tomatoes. Control of this disease can be difficult even with chemical treatments, and alternative methods are needed. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is known to modify the impact of pathogens on plants. However, there is scarce knowledge about the effect of fertilization on the efficacy of biocontrol. Here, we studied the effect of N fertilization on biocontrol agents Trichoderma atroviride and Microdochium dimerum that protect tomato against B. cinerea. Plants were grown for 2 months in a greenhouse with a soil-less drip irrigation system. Differential N fertilization (five concentrations of nitrate) was applied for the last 4 weeks prior to leaf pruning, biocontrol agent application, and B. cinerea inoculation. Results show that increasing N fertilization up to 10 mmol/L reduced disease by half for controls. High N fertilization also increased biocontrol, with a protection index rising from nearly 0 to up to 100 % depending on the biocontrol agent and the pressure of the pathogen. Indeed, high N fertilization delayed stem symptoms and slowed lesion expansion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an effect of N fertilization on the efficacy of biocontrol against an airborne disease. Therefore, adapting N fertilization is a promising technique to protect greenhouse tomato.

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Bchex virulence gene of Botrytis cinerea: characterization and functional analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Cytokinin inhibits fungal development and virulence by targeting the cytoskeleton and cellular trafficking

Cytokinin inhibits fungal development and virulence by targeting the cytoskeleton and cellular trafficking

Antifungal Effect of Polygodial on Botrytis cinerea, a Fungal Pathogen Affecting Table Grapes

Nitrogen fertilization impacts biocontrol of tomato gray mold

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