GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT:Cu ions occupy the catalytically active octahedral sites of the ferrite sub-lattice and present a synergistic effect due to the formation of Cu-Co and Cu-Fe ion pairs which triggers up the catalytic performance of CoCu 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 ferrite nanoparticles for the reduction of nitroarenes.
AbstractTransition metal doped cobalt ferrite (CoM 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 (M= Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)) nanoparticles were fabricated using the sol-gel methodology. The obtained ferrite nanoparticles were annealed at 400 °C and characterized using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In the FT-IR spectra two bands in the range 1000-400 cm -1 were observed corresponding to the M-O bond in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure with Fd-3m space-group. HR-TEM analysis revealed the quasi-spherical shape with particle size in the range 20-30 nm for all the synthesized ferrite nanoparticles. The lattice inter-planar distance of 0.29, 0.25, 0.21 and 0.16 nm obtained from HR-TEM corresponding to (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (4 0 0) and (5 1 1) lattice planes respectively were in complete agreement with the XRD data. The EDX-STEM confirmed the elemental composition as per the desired stoichiometric ratio. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized ferrite samples was explored for the reduction of nitrophenols. Cu substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoCu 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 ) possessed excellent catalytic activity while CoM 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 (M= Co, Ni and Zn) were inactive for the same. Substrate scope of the developed protocol was also evaluated for the reduction of various CH 3 -, NH 2 -, Br-, Cl etc. substituted nitroaromatic compounds.
Research highlights:• CoM 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 (M= Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) fabricated by sol-gel methodology.• Comparative catalytic efficiency of transition metal doped cobalt ferrites.• CoCu 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 as excellent catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes.• Facile protocol for the synthesis of aromatic amines
Keywords:Catalytic reduction Nitroarenes Magnetically recoverable nanoferrites Catalytically active octahedral sites Synergistic effect