Beam-Sweeping Design Based on Nearest Users Position and Beam in 5G mmWave Networks

Tomasin, Stefano; Mazzucco, Christian; Donno, Danilo De; Cappellaro, Filippo

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3006015

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Physical location information is used to minimize the beam search space, hence avoiding the high overhead of real-time channel feedback and decreasing the delay and consumed power. Neighbor-assisted beam search has been proposed in [20], where both the location information and the nearest neighbor beam information are used for fast beam sweeping. Sensors on vehicles, such as LiDAR, can also capture more information from the surrounding environment and assist beam management [21].…”

Section: B Data Driven Beam Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam SNR Prediction Using Channel Charting

Kazemi

Al-Tous

Ponnada

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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We consider a machine learning approach for beam handover in mmWave 5G New Radio systems, in which User Equipments (UEs) perform autonomous beam selection, conditioned on a used Base Station (BS) beam. We develop a network-centric approach for predicting beam Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) from Channel State Information (CSI) features measured at the BS, which consists of two phases; offline and online. In the offline training phase, we construct CSI features and dimensionality-reduced Channel Charts (CC). We annotate the CCs with per-beam SNRs for different combinations of a BS beam and the corresponding best UE beam, and train models to predict SNR from CSI features for different BS/UE beam combinations. In the online phase, we predict SNRs of beam combinations not being used at the moment. We develop a low complexity out-of-sample algorithm for dimensionality reduction in the online phase. We consider k-nearest neighbors, Gaussian process regression, and neural network-based predictions. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed framework, we perform simulations for a street segment with synthetically generated CSI. We investigate the complexity-accuracy trade-off for different dimensionality reduction techniques and different predictors. Our results reveal that nonlinear dimensionality reduction of CSI features with neural network prediction shows the best performance, and the performance of the best CSI-based prediction method is comparable to prediction based on using known physical location.

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Section: B Data Driven Beam Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam SNR Prediction Using Channel Charting

Kazemi

Al-Tous

Ponnada

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…Due to the Taylor approximation shown in equation ( 10), the optimum F opt is iteratively updated until a given stop criterion is satisfied. It is worth noting that unlike the standard Penalty CCP algorithm, where the first-order Taylor expansion is leveraged to convexify the constraints, we instead utilize a cumulative alternative affine functionv n in equation (10). The reason for this alteration is due to the behavior of the max function inside v n during the iterations of a standard Penalty CCP.…”

Section: A Beam Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Latency Beam-Sweeping for Millimeter Wave Systems via Pessimistic Optimization

Guerreiro

Iimori

Ishibashi

2021

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

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The initial setup at millimeter-wave channels is especially challenging due to the severe propagation loss imposed on the channel gains. To overcome this loss, it is common to use large arrays and concentrate the radiated energy in certain directions through beamforming. During the initial setup process, the base station (BS) has no knowledge of the position and channel state of the user equipment (UE) in its coverage region. Therefore, it is necessary to transmit beams that cover this region, with each beam having sufficient array gain to allow for reliable communication between the BS and the UEs. At the same time, next-generation wireless networks should serve a large number of UEs with minimum latency. In our work, exploring the concept of the worst-case channel, we propose an algorithm that generates the transmitting beamforming codebook. This codebook minimizes the number of beams transmitted, resulting in reduced maximum latency while at the same time guaranteeing a minimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between BS and UEs. Simulation results are conducted to show the efficacy of the proposed beam codebook design, which illustrates latency reduction without sacrificing achievable SNR.

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“…Instead of directing a signal towards a specific direction or target, beamsweeping allows the 5G base station to scan the surrounding area by swiftly transitioning between multiple beam angles. The beamsweeping technique offers numerous benefits for 5G communication [6]. It allows the base station to monitor the movement of mobile devices and adjust the beam direction accordingly, thereby expanding the coverage area and facilitating mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Radiation From Synchronisation Signal Block (SSB) in 5G Systems

Li,

Mollel,

Popoola

et al. 2023

2023 5th International Conference on Computer Communication and the Internet (ICCCI)

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The unprecedented data demand from new use cases such as extended virtual reality and holograms requires the development of new mobile generation architectures. The fifth generation and beyond (5G-Beyond) wireless technology aims to address this need by increasing the number of base stations per unit area and utilizing high-frequency bands such as millimetre and terahertz waves. The 5G-Beyond promises to deliver high data rates, network reliability, and low latency. However, this comes at the cost of increased electromagnetic field exposure (EMF) in a given area. Although there is no evidence that links EMF from mobile communication systems to health hazards, more research has to be carried out to better understand the interaction between EMF and the human body and keep an eye on the EMF level. This article presents the results of a study on the EMF power density caused by the control signals, especially synchronisation signal block (SSB), which are transmitted periodically from a 5G mobile communication antenna. In addition, from the findings, it can be observed that the level of EMF exposure caused by the SSB is within the international guidelines yet more research has to be done to mitigate the unnecessary SSB transmission to reduce even further the level of EMF and minimize energy consumption. In general, the results show that the highest power density values were observed at the closest distances and corresponding angles to the antenna, yet EMF exposure levels are still below the limit. The study findings can inform the development of guidelines and regulations for safe exposure to electromagnetic radiation from 5G technology and other sources.

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Beam-Sweeping Design Based on Nearest Users Position and Beam in 5G mmWave Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Beam SNR Prediction Using Channel Charting

Beam SNR Prediction Using Channel Charting

Low Latency Beam-Sweeping for Millimeter Wave Systems via Pessimistic Optimization

Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Radiation From Synchronisation Signal Block (SSB) in 5G Systems

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