Beam switching and bifocal zoom lensing using active plasmonic metasurfaces

Yin, Xinghui; Steinle, Tobias; Huang, Lingling; Taubner, Thomas; Wuttig, Matthias; Zentgraf, Thomas; Gießen, Harald

doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.16

Cited by 361 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, novel techniques are required to control the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale and to implement the first practical devices. Here we report the experimental realization of polariton refractive and meta-optics in the mid-infrared by exploiting the properties of low-loss phonon polaritons in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) 5 , which allow it to interact with the surrounding dielectric environment comprising the low-loss phase change material, Ge3Sb2Te6 (GST) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . We demonstrate waveguides which confine polaritons in a 1D geometry, and refractive optical elements such as lenses and prisms for phonon polaritons in hBN, which we characterize using scanning near field optical microscopy.…”

Section: Polaritons Formed By the Coupling Of Light And Materials Excimentioning

confidence: 99%

Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials

et al. 2019

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Polaritons formed by the coupling of light and material excitations enable light-matter interactions at the nanoscale beyond what is currently possible with conventional optics. However, novel techniques are required to control the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale and to implement the first practical devices. Here we report the experimental realization of polariton refractive and meta-optics in the mid-infrared by exploiting the properties of low-loss phonon polaritons in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride interacting with the surrounding dielectric environment comprising the low-loss phase change material Ge3Sb2Te6. We demonstrate rewritable waveguides, refractive optical elements such as lenses, prisms, and metalenses, which allow for polariton wavefront engineering and sub-wavelength focusing. This method will enable the realization of programmable miniaturized integrated optoelectronic devices and on-demand biosensors based on high quality phonon resonators.

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Section: Polaritons Formed By the Coupling Of Light And Materials Excimentioning

confidence: 99%

Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials

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“…This makes them ideally suited for photonic applications ranging from integrated optical memories over color displays to active MSs . For example, they have already been designed and successfully employed for applications such as polarization filtering, lensing, and beam steering …”

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“…Commonly, active infrared MSs based on PCMs exhibit different operation states by switching the entire MS via heating and short electrical or optical pulses . Intermediate states of the PCM crystallization have also been exploited to obtain partial resonance shifts by adjusting the annealing conditions.…”

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Advanced Optical Programming of Individual Meta‐Atoms Beyond the Effective Medium Approach

et al. 2019

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Nanometer‐thick active metasurfaces (MSs) based on phase‐change materials (PCMs) enable compact photonic components, offering adjustable functionalities for the manipulation of light, such as polarization filtering, lensing, and beam steering. Commonly, they feature multiple operation states by switching the whole PCM fully between two states of drastically different optical properties. Intermediate states of the PCM are also exploited to obtain gradual resonance shifts, which are usually uniform over the whole MS and described by effective medium response. For programmable MSs, however, the ability to selectively address and switch the PCM in individual meta‐atoms is required. Here, simultaneous control of size, position, and crystallization depth of the switched phase‐change material (PCM) volume within each meta‐atom in a proof‐of‐principle MS consisting of a PCM‐covered Al–nanorod antenna array is demonstrated. By modifying optical properties locally, amplitude and light phase can be programmed at the meta‐atom scale. As this goes beyond previous effective medium concepts, it will enable small adaptive corrections to external aberrations and fabrication errors or multiple complex functionalities programmable on the same MS.

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“…The underlying mechanism of such dual-polarity lenses results from a spin-dependent Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase. [16][17][18][19] Meanwhile, a plethora of optical effects using P-B phase metasurfaces have been successfully demonstrated, including three-dimensional optical holography, [8,20,21] generation of vortex beams, [5,22] laser beam shaping, [23,24] multifocal lenses, [25] integrated dynamical phase lenses [26,27] or helicitydependent multifunctional lenses. [28,29] The concept of geometric P-B phases has been recently applied for tailoring the nonlinear optical responses of plasmonic metasurfaces.…”

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Imaging through Nonlinear Metalens Using Second Harmonic Generation

et al. 2018

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The abrupt phase change of light at metasurfaces provides high flexibility in wave manipulation without the need for accumulation of propagating phase through dispersive materials. In the linear optical regime, one important application field of metasurfaces is imaging by planar metalenses, which enables device miniaturization and aberration correction compared to conventional optical microlens systems. With the incorporation of nonlinear responses into passive metasurfaces, optical functionalities of metalenses are anticipated to be further enriched, leading to completely new application areas. Here, imaging with nonlinear metalenses that combine the function of an ultrathin planar lens with simultaneous frequency conversion is demonstrated. With such nonlinear metalenses, imaging of objects with near infrared light while the image appears in the second harmonic signal of visible frequency range is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the functionality of these nonlinear metalenses can be modified by switching the handedness of the circularly polarized fundamental wave, leading to either real or virtual nonlinear image formation. Nonlinear metalenses not only enable infrared light imaging through a visible detector but also have the ability to modulate nonlinear optical responses through an ultrathin metasurface device while the fundamental wave remains unaffected, which offers the capability of nonlinear information processing with novel optoelectronic devices.

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Beam switching and bifocal zoom lensing using active plasmonic metasurfaces

Cited by 361 publications

References 48 publications

Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials

Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials

Advanced Optical Programming of Individual Meta‐Atoms Beyond the Effective Medium Approach

Imaging through Nonlinear Metalens Using Second Harmonic Generation

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