Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Transmission by Myzus Persicae

Abstract

SummaryEfficiency of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) transmission from broad bean source plants varied with age of leaf on which aphids, MYZU8 persicae (Sulz.), fed. Duration of infection in the source plants did not affect transmission. Observations of acquisition feeding behaviour yielded results which are interpreted to indicate that most transmission occurs with virus acquired intracellularly.Aphids from thriving M. persicae colonies on young leaves of Brassica pekinensis Rupr. transmitted BYMV to more plants than did a comparable group of aphids from mature leaves. Likewise, aphids from thriving colonies on young leaves transmitted the virus to more plants than did aphids from older colonies on heavily infested, deteriorating plants. These differences in transmission were not explained by comparable transmission tests with adult apterae and fourth instal' alatiform nymphs nor by the feeding behaviour of aphids on healthy test plants. No differences in transmission were found between apterous adults and fourth instal' alatiform nymphs. The number of plants infected in successive replicates by aphids from uniform colonies was more consistent than that by aphids from variable colonies.Transmission increased with increasing duration of probes on healthy test plants. The number of probes was not as important as total probing time. Non, feeding M. persicae gradually lost the capacity to transmit BYMV following the acquisition feeding. Virus was retained for at least 4 hr.

Plant penetration by feeding aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea): a review

“…Prior to probing, the rostrum taps the surface, or the aphid slides the apex over the surface if the latter is uneven (Ibbotson & Kennedy, 1959). This behaviour may be associated with the finding of intercellular grooves, for Myzus persicae, in which it is reduced, has a higher proportion of intracellular penetrations than Aphis fabae where it is not reduced (Hennig, 1963;Nault & Gyrisco, 1966;Swenson, 1962). The period of contact between labium and surface is 5-60 s in A. fabae on Vicia faba (Hennig, 1959(Hennig, , 1963, and test-feeding punctures of 20-40 s have also been recorded (Miiller, 1958), though these times may not necessarily bear any relation to the period of stylet insertion, at least during the pre-flight probes of M. persicae and A. fabae (Cockbain, 1963;Cockbain & Heathcote, 1965).…”

“…Various surveys (e.g., Pirone, 1969;Swenson, 1968;Sylvester, 1962) have included comments on the possible manner of transference of virus between stylets and plant tissue. Van Hoof (1958aHoof ( , 1959 considered mosaic virus to be acquired intercellularly from the epidermis while Swenson (1962) and others favoured an intracellular mode of acquisition. The possibility that virus passage could occur across plasmodesmata (Voeller, 1967) provided one solution to the problem of infection; another has been provided by Lopez-Abella & Bradley (1969) who showed that intercellular stylet penetrations could be partly intracellular with sheath material, and possibly virus, entering the epidermal cells.…”

DIFFERENCES IN THE PROBING RESPONSES OF MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) ELICITED BY DIFFERENT FEEDING SOLUTIONS BEHIND A PARAFILM MEMBRANE

“…Probing duration on plants by M. persicae and the extent to which the aphid inserts its stylets during probing have been studied primarily in connection with work on the acquisition and inoculation of plant viruses (BRADLEY, 1952;BRAD-LEY • R1DEOUT, 1953;SWENSON, 1962;SYLVESTER, 1962;SYLVESTER t~ RICHARD-SON, 1963). The short probes which the aphids typically make before initiating a long and deep penetration appear to be of characteristic duration for a given plant and species and environmental situation (CooK, 1962;JOHNSON, 1958;SYLVESTER, pers.…”

The Ability of Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii and A. citricola to Transmit Single and Mixed Viruses to Cowpeas

“…ATIRI et al (1986) recorded all three aphid species as able to colonize cowpea, but A. gossypii and A. citricola, although highly polyphagous (BLACKMAN and EASTOP 1984), were never found on cowpea during the present observations. Several workers have shown that aphids which do not normally colonize a specific crop may be efficient vectors of non-persistent viruses to that crop (SWENSON 1968, GIBSON and PLUMB 1977, HALBERT et al 1981. Therefore, in a field situation, transient infective aphids of these two species might introduce both CMV and CAMV into a cowpea crop, making them important primary vectors.…”

“…Aphid species and aphid biotypes differ in their ability to transmit particular viruses (SWENSON 1962, THOTTAPPILLY et al 1972. Clearly the extent of the spread of one or more viruses will depend both on the proportion of possible vectors and on their efficiency.…”