Beat the heat: How to become a gold medalist at the Tokyo Olympics

Eijsvogels, Thijs M. H.; Korte, Johannus Q. de; Bongers, Coen C. W. G.

doi:10.1080/23328940.2021.1944005

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…8 Therefore, preparatory testing for Tokyo 2020 was recommended by experts, 9 and many countries implemented heat preparation programmes for their Olympic teams. [10][11][12] The Dutch Olympic Team launched the Thermo Tokyo program, in which individual heat tolerance was determined during an exercise test in simulated Tokyo conditions. 13 Although such tests provide useful insight into the responses to a hot humid climate in general, climatic conditions may vary from day to day, and changes in T a , RH and SR are known to impact human thermoregulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These environmental conditions accelerate exercise-induced increases in core temperature (T c ),2 which is known to negatively impact exercise performance3–7 and increase the risk for the development of heat-related illnesses 8. Therefore, preparatory testing for Tokyo 2020 was recommended by experts,9 and many countries implemented heat preparation programmes for their Olympic teams 10–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of different climatic conditions on peak core temperature of elite athletes during exercise in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo simulation study

Teunissen

Jansen

Janssen

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesTo evaluate how separate and combined climatic parameters affect peak core temperature during exercise in the heat using computer simulations fed with individual data.MethodsThe impact of eight environmental conditions on rectal temperature (Tre) was determined for exercise under heat stress using the Fiala-thermal-Physiology-and-Comfort simulation model. Variations in ambient temperature (Ta±6°C), relative humidity (RH±15%) and solar radiation (SR+921 W/m2) were assessed in isolation and combination (worst-case/best-case scenarios) and compared with baseline (Ta32°C, RH 75%, SR 0 W/m2). The simulation model was fed with personal, anthropometric and individual exercise characteristics.Results54 athletes exercised for 46±10 min at baseline conditions and achieved a peak core temperature of 38.9±0.5°C. Simulations at a higher Ta (38°C) and SR (921 W/m2) resulted in a higher peak Tre compared with baseline (+0.6±0.3°C and +0.5±0.2°C, respectively), whereas a higher RH (90%) hardly affected peak Tre (+0.1±0.1°C). A lower Ta (26°C) and RH (60%) reduced peak Tre by −0.4±0.2°C and a minor −0.1±0.1°C, respectively. The worst-case simulation yielded a 1.5±0.4°C higher Tre than baseline and 2.0±0.7°C higher than the best-case condition.ConclusionCombined unfavourable climatic conditions produce a greater increase in peak core temperature than the sum of its parts in elite athletes exercising in the heat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different climatic conditions on peak core temperature of elite athletes during exercise in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo simulation study

Teunissen

Jansen

Janssen

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…This crossover study is part of the Thermo Tokyo research project, whose rationale and design have been described previously (de Korte et al 2021). In short, participants were invited for two study visits and performed a personalized incremental exercise test in a climate chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TTE was defined as the total exercise time (i.e. warming-up and incremental phase) in minutes and PPO was measured as Watt kg −1 (de Korte et al 2021).…”

Section: Performance Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that a higher iTS will result in a greater performance loss in elite athletes. Since small reductions in exercise performance can be the difference between winning and losing for elite athletes, understanding the processes leading to performance loss in the heat is important for future sport events in hot and humid environments (Eijsvogels et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of thermal sensation on exercise performance in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo sub-study

Kroesen¹,

Korte²,

Hopman³

et al. 2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose Thermal perception, including thermal sensation (TS), influences exercise performance in the heat. TS is a widely used measure and we examined the impact of initial TS (iTS) on performance loss during exercise in simulated Tokyo environmental conditions among elite athletes. Methods 105 Elite outdoor athletes (endurance, skill, power and mixed trained) participated in this crossover study. Participants performed a standardized exercise test in control (15.8 ± 1.2 °C, 55 ± 6% relative humidity (RH)) and simulated Tokyo (31.6 ± 1.0 °C, 74 ± 5% RH) conditions to determine performance loss. TS was assessed ± 5 min prior to exercise (iTS) and every 5 min during the incremental exercise test (TS). Based on iTS in the Tokyo condition, participants were allocated to a neutral (iTS = 0, n = 11), slightly warm (iTS = 1, n = 50), or warm-to-hot (iTS = 2/3, n = 44) subgroup. Results For the whole cohort iTS was 1 [1-2] and TS increased to 3 [3-3] at the end of exercise in the Tokyo condition. Average performance loss was 26.0 ± 10.7% in the Tokyo versus control condition. The slightly warm subgroup had less performance loss (22.3 ± 11.3%) compared to the warm-to-hot subgroup (29.4 ± 8.5%, p = 0.003), whereas the neutral subgroup did not respond different (28.8 ± 11.0%, p = 0.18) from the slightly warm subgroup. Conclusion iTS impacted the magnitude of performance loss among elite athletes exercising in hot and humid conditions. Athletes with a warm-to-hot iTS had more performance loss compared to counterparts with a slightly warm iTS, indicating that pre-cooling strategies and/or heat acclimation may be of additional importance for athletes in the warm-to-hot iTS group to mitigate the impact of heat stress. KeywordsElite athletes • Olympics • Thermoregulation • Thermoregulatory behavior • Perception Abbreviations BMI Body mass index BSA Body surface area HR Heart rate PPO Peak power output RH Relative humidity T ambient Ambient temperature T gi Gastrointestinal temperature T skin Skin temperature (i)TC (Initial) Thermal comfort TTE Time to exhaustion (i)TS (Initial) Thermal sensation * Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels

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Quantifying Exercise Heat Acclimatisation in Athletes and Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Brown,

Topham,

Clark

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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Beat the heat: How to become a gold medalist at the Tokyo Olympics

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of different climatic conditions on peak core temperature of elite athletes during exercise in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo simulation study

Impact of different climatic conditions on peak core temperature of elite athletes during exercise in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo simulation study

Impact of thermal sensation on exercise performance in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo sub-study

Quantifying Exercise Heat Acclimatisation in Athletes and Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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