Bedside assessment of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes

Novel biomarkers in amniotic fluid for early assessment of intraamniotic infection

“…On the other hand, some rapid and non-invasive diagnostic tests including maternal serum CRP levels and leukocyte counts, cytokine determination, immunoassays, etc., have showed poor selectivity and sensitivity rendering them inapplicable for decision making in the clinical setting [21][22][23].…”

“…The most widely employed analytical methods that have been used to detect IAI in AF samples are based on enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [21] or lateral flow-based immunoassay (or point of care test) characterized by rapidity and strong correlation with ELISA results [22,23]. However, these methods lack selectivity and reproducibility.…”

Polymicrobial Amniotic Fluid Infection withMycoplasma/Ureaplasmaand Other Bacteria Induces Severe Intra-Amniotic Inflammation Associated with Poor Perinatal Prognosis in Preterm Labor

“…Several studies showed that the IA inflammatory responses to Ureaplasma species are dose dependent. [37][38][39] We are now attempting to establish a semi-quantitative PCR assay. It is necessary to clarify whether the amount of microorganisms is associated with poor prognosis of PTL cases in the future.…”

The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis

“…Several studies have investigated the diagnostic value of amniotic fluid and maternal serum biomarkers for the detection of chorioamnionitis in pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis. Elevated inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic proteins within amniotic fluid are positive predictors of intra-amniotic inflammation and/or clinical chorioamnionitis (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21); however, these markers may have poor positive predictive values for the detection of subclinical, histologic chorioamnionitis and may be variably expressed within the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes during chorioamnionitis (22)(23)(24). Recently, Liu et al (25) reported that surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) for the detection of human neutrophil defensin 1 (HNP-1) and HNP-2 and calgranulins A and C within amniotic fluid was highly accurate for the diagnosis of subclinical chorioamnionitis, but further studies with larger patient cohorts are required to validate these findings.…”