Bedside Assessment of Intravascular Volume Status in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery

Stroke Volume Optimization: The New Hemodynamic Algorithm

“…Although the values obtained in these assessments somewhat correlate with hemodynamic variables, the values are slow to change and the changes are often late indications of a patient's worsening condition. [3][4][5] Several studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] suggest that using physical assessment to evaluate cardiac output may yield inaccurate findings. More recent data [18][19][20] suggest that the predictive power of blood lactate levels for mortality and morbidity are independent of blood pressure and common physiological triage variables (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, mental status, capillary refill).…”

Contrast echocardiography for pulmonary blood volume quantification

“…In particular, the pulmonary blood volume (PBV, blood volume between the pulmonary artery and the left atrium) and the central blood volume (CBV, blood volume between the pulmonary artery and the aortic valve) are important parameters in both anesthesiology and cardiology to evaluate cardiac preload and the symmetry of cardiac efficiency. For instance, left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume are related to PBV and CBV [1] [2]. The PBV measurements are based on transpulmonary indicator dilution techniques, which are based on the injection and subsequent detection of an indicator bolus [3]- [5].…”

“…Nowadays, transpulmonary indicator dilution techniques are very invasive due to the need for a double catheterization [1], [2], [6]- [9]. In fact, a catheter for ther- E. H. Korsten is also with Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, The Netherlands.…”

“…The FPT model formulation [25]- [27] is given in (2), where the meaning of the symbols is the same as for (1). The product of the contrast MTT and the carrier fluid flow (CO in the circulatory system) equals the volume between the injection and detection sites [29], [30].…”

Stroke Volume Optimization Versus Central Venous Pressure in Fluid Management

“…However, multiple studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] have shown that physicians and nurses cannot accurately assess volume status with the current techniques. Measuring stroke volume only recently became feasible.…”