Bee venom immunotherapy induces a shift in cytokine responses from a TH‐2 to a TH‐1 dominant pattern: comparison of rush and conventional immunotherapy

McHugh, SM; Deighton, John; Stewart, Antony; Lachmann, P. J.; Ewan, P. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00025.x

Cited by 179 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In vitro studies on specific allergen-driven peripheral blood T-cell lines have demonstrated the reduction in IL-4 secretion during both rush and conventional immunotherapy (38,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61). A decreased expression of mRNA for IL-4 in peripheral blood lymphocytes during SIT was also reported (62-64).…”

Section: Modulation Of Thl/th2 Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases

Kowalski

Jutel

1998

Allergy

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Section: Modulation Of Thl/th2 Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases

Kowalski

Jutel

1998

Allergy

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“…A few studies have discussed the possibility of modifying cytokine secretion by T cells from atopic subjects by immunotherapy [22][23][24]. Reduced IL-4 production with bee venom immunotherapy has been reported [22,23].…”

Section: Specific Ige and Cytokine In Immunotherapy 73mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy Affects the Seasonal Increase in Specific IgE and Interleukin‐4 in Serum of Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

et al. 1997

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This study was designed to determine seasonal changes in cytokines, soluble CD23 and specific IgE in the serum of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and the effect of immunotherapy on these seasonal changes. Fifty-four patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollens were divided into a medication group and an immunotherapy group. The patients of the medication group were treated with nonsedating antihistamines alone during the pollen season. The patients of the immunotherapy group had been treated for variable periods (mean, 5.0 Ϯ 3.2 years) with immunotherapy using Japanese cedar pollen antigens. Serum samples were collected before and during the pollen season from each patient, to determine specific IgE, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-g (IFN-g) and soluble CD23 levels in serum. A significant increase in specific IgE and IL-4 and a significant decrease in IFN-g were observed during the pollen season in the medication group. In contrast, in the immunotherapy group, none of specific IgE, IL-4 and IFN-g was significantly changed following natural exposure to pollens. However, these effects were not significant in patients undergoing immunotherapy for 3 or fewer years. Seasonal rates of increase in specific IgE and IL-4 differed significantly between good responders and poor responders to immunotherapy, but seasonal rates of decrease in IFN-g did not. A seasonal rate of increase in soluble CD23 was significantly correlated with a seasonal rate of increase in specific IgE, in both the medication and the immunotherapy groups. The seasonal rate of increase in soluble CD23 was significantly smaller in the good responders than in the poor responders to immunotherapy. In conclusion, pollen immunotherapy reduces the seasonal increase in specific IgE, IL-4 and soluble CD23 in serum, and in addition switches the seasonal preferential activation of Th-2 cells to reciprocal activation of Th-1 cells with treatment over several years. It is likely that the mechanisms responsible for the clinically beneficial effects of immunotherapy principally involve the modulation of Th-2 rather than Th-1 cytokines.

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“…Recent data suggest that a key mechanism of successful conventional immunotherapy is to alter T-cell function, either by diminishing production of both Thl and Th2-like cytokines (84,85), or by inducing "immune deviation" from a Th2-like cytokine pattern to a Thl-like pattern (86,87). To increase the dose of allergens which can be applied to the patient with reduced anaphylactic sideeffects, the use of nonanaphylactic allergen derivatives has been suggested.…”

Section: Nonanaphylactic Derivatives Of Allergens For Specific Activementioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant allergens

Valenta

Vrtala

Laffer

et al. 1998

Allergy

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A great variety of recombinant plant, mite, mold, mammal, and insect allergens have been expressed in heterologous hosts (e.g., Escherichia coli), their cDNA being used as a template. The number of biologically active recombinant allergens available for experimental, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes is increasing tremendously. Recombinant allergens have proven to be valuable tools to investigate T‐cell and B‐cell recognition of allergens as well as to study mechanisms of specific IgE regulation. The immunologic equivalence of many relevant recombinant allergens with their natural counterparts has been demonstrated, and the three‐dimensional structures of several recombinant allergens have been described recently. As a result of extensive cross‐reactivities among the relevant allergens, it appears that the number of epitopes needed for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy is less diverse than originally anticipated and might be soon covered by recombinant molecules. Recombinant allergens have been used for successful in vitro, as well as in vivo, allergy diagnosis, and work is in progress to produce recombinant allergen derivatives with reduced anaphylactic potential to improve current forms of immunotherapy.

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Bee venom immunotherapy induces a shift in cytokine responses from a TH‐2 to a TH‐1 dominant pattern: comparison of rush and conventional immunotherapy

Cited by 179 publications

References 36 publications

Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases

Mechanisms of specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases

Immunotherapy Affects the Seasonal Increase in Specific IgE and Interleukin‐4 in Serum of Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Recombinant allergens

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