Behavior and neuropsychiatric changes in experimental chronic toxoplasmosis: Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies

Etewa, Samia E.; Sarhan, Mohamed; Moawad, Howayda; Mohammad, Samira; Samir, Mohamed; Kandil, Ahmad; Mostafa, Eman

doi:10.21608/puj.2021.75319.1120

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Previous study found varying degrees of perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, astrocytosis, degenerating neurons, and meningitis. 56 Microglia and occasional encysted bradyzoites were observed pathologically. Parenchymal infiltrates of inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, were found to be mild, moderate, and intense and to progress with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles

Wakid,

Alsulami,

Farid

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects humans and many types of mammals and birds. Objective To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Phoenix dactylifera (Pd) extracts loaded on SeNPs as a new agent to combat chronic T. gondii infections in murine model as an alternative method to standard Spiramycin drug therapy. Methods A total of 64 female mice were randomly divided into eight groups: GI: Normal control, GII: Positive control, GIII: infected and treated with Spiramycin, GIV: infected and treated with SeNPs, GV: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd, GVI: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd, GVII: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs, GVIII: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs. Date palm ( P. dactylifera ) fruits were identified and collected from the farms of Saudi Arabia. Preparation and characterization of SeNPs were done. The parasitological, histopathological examinations and biochemical changes were evaluated in all groups. Results Parasitological results showed significant differences in GVII in comparison to GII while GVIII showed significant differences in comparison to GII and GIII. The histopathological section of the cerebral cortex showed obvious alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. dactylifera loaded on SeNPs treatment showed improvement that indicated by few perivascular cuffing with few inflammatory cell infiltrations. Few granule cells with mild intracellular vacuolation and edema few deformed neurons with deep pyknotic nuclei. Microglia cells expression of Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) in serum of all groups was higher in GII and lowest in GVIII followed by GVII. Conclusion SeNPs and P. dactylifera extracts loaded on SeNPs could be a potent agent to combat T. gondii infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles

Wakid,

Alsulami,

Farid

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…On the other hand, the level of expression of this molecule was increasingly reduced in the chronic phase of infection from the 7th to 12th weeks in brain tissue of mice infected with toxoplasmosis compared to non-infected control [ 98 ]. CD138 (syndecan-1), which is increased during antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) maturation, is needed for mounting an efficient long-term humoral immune response by promoting survival of ASCs in a cell-intrinsic manner [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies of Murine Hepatosplenic Tissues Affected by Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Yahia

Etewa

Saleh

et al. 2022

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Toxoplasmosis is a serious health problem in humans and animals resulting from obligatory intracellular invasion of reticuloendothelial tissue by Toxoplasma gondii. The profound pathologic effect of toxoplasmosis is confined to nervous tissue, but many other organs, including the liver and spleen, are insulted. Many molecules like caspase-3, CD3, and CD138 are implicated in the tissue immune response in a trial to alleviate hazardous toxoplasmosis impact. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic toxoplasmosis on the liver and spleen tissues of mice using biochemical and histopathological techniques and to detect the activity and level of expression of caspase-3, CD3, and CD138 in these tissues using immunohistochemical labeling. Compared with normal control, altered normal histological features accompanied by inflammatory reaction were recorded in hepatosplenic reticuloendothelial tissues in chronically infected mice. The biochemical profile of the liver has been changed in the form of increased liver enzymes, and oxidative stress has been evidenced by elevated nitric oxide (NO) concentration in liver homogenate. The levels of caspase3, CD3, and CD138 were markedly expressed in the liver and spleen of infected mice. Our findings revealed the persistent effect of latent toxoplasmosis on the host’s histological architecture, metabolic, and immunological profile, creating a continued challenging host-parasite relationship.

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“…El-team Temsahy's team [95] also made similar observations. Etewa's group [96] showed that Infected mice had neurobehavioral problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Kumquat-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against Toxoplasmosis in mice model

et al. 2021

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The goal of this study was to compare the effects of kumquat extract and its chitosan nanoparticles on biochemical, histopathological, and parasitological factors in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii versus spiramycin and control groups. A total of 35 mice, 7 of which were negative control and 28 was infected group, were used in the current study. All mice were sacrificed at 45 day after inoculation. Blood samples were collected. Then, sera Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase 3 (SOD3), α-glutathione S-transferases (α-GST), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured using ELISA technique. In infected groups, CAT, SOD3, α-GST levels were decreased significantly (P<0.01), while MDA and IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased when compared to negative control (P<0.01). Treatment of infected mice with Kumquat-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were significantly improved (P<0.05) all parameters levels in sera and back them close to the original levels of negative control. The biochemical results are in parallel with histopathological and parasitological results. The findings imply that oxidative stress and parasitological changes may have a role in the aetiology and therapy of toxoplasmosis, particularly when Kumquat-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were used.

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Behavior and neuropsychiatric changes in experimental chronic toxoplasmosis: Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles

Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles

Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies of Murine Hepatosplenic Tissues Affected by Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Therapeutic Efficacy of Kumquat-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against Toxoplasmosis in mice model

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