“…Burchell et al [33] have proposed that the low energy AE events were related to basal plane cleavage and subcritical cracking, occurring in the most favourably aligned basal planes, while the high energy AE events were associated with cracking, starting in the less favourably aligned basal planes and then extending into the binder phase. Ioka et al [32] have proposed similar explanations, by relating the AE energy to the surface energy of the carbon structure (C-C, double C-C, van der Waals). Based on their results, they have proposed that at low stress levels, the deformation could be linked to the cleavage and slip of basal planes in the filler particles, plus microcracks initiation in the binder, while at high stresses, the deformation is related to the cleavage and microcracks propagation in the binder.…”