Behavior of PAHs during cold storage of historically contaminated soil samples

Rost, Helmut; Loibner, Andreas P.; Hasinger, Marion; Braun, Rudolf; Szolar, Oliver H. J.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00497-6

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar to what had been previously observed in other studies in which contaminated soils were stored for long periods of time (Rost et al 2002), total PAH concentrations in the feed soil analyzed at day 140 were approximately 18% lower than the average concentrations of days 0 and 56 (data not shown). The most significant decreases were observed for the two- and three-ring PAHs acenaphthene, phenanthrene, and fluorene (32, 28, and 46%, respectively).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pyrosequence analysis of bacterial communities in aerobic bioreactors treating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

2011

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Two aerobic, lab-scale, slurry-phase bioreactors were used to examine the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil and the associated bacterial communities. The two bioreactors were operated under semi-continuous (draw-and-fill) conditions at a residence time of 35 days, but one was fed weekly and the other monthly. Most of the quantified PAHs, including high-molecular-weight compounds, were removed to a greater extent in the weekly-fed bioreactor, which achieved total PAH removal of 76%. Molecular analyses, including pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, revealed significant shifts in the soil bacterial communities after introduction to the bioreactors and differences in the abundance and types of bacteria in each of the bioreactors. The weekly-fed bioreactor displayed a more stable bacterial community with gradual changes over time, whereas the monthly-fed bioreactor community was less consistent and may have been more strongly influenced by the influx of untreated soil during feeding. Phylogenetic groups containing known PAH-degrading bacteria previously identified through stable-isotope probing of the untreated soil were differentially affected by bioreactor conditions. Sequences from members of the Acidovorax and Sphingomonas genera, as well as the uncultivated ‘‘Pyrene Group 2’’ were abundant in the bioreactors. However, the relative abundances of sequences from the Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, and Pseudoxanthomonas genera, as well as from a group of unclassified anthracene degraders, were much lower in the bioreactors compared to the untreated soil.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pyrosequence analysis of bacterial communities in aerobic bioreactors treating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

2011

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“…(Table 1). Each sediment core was refrigerated on the day of collection in order to minimise microbial decay (Rost et al 2002). Upon return to the laboratory each core was cut in half and sampled at ~10 cm intervals using a stainless steel spatula.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary, UK

Vane

Chen

et al. 2009

Environ Geochem Health

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The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary were determined by gas -chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2645 μg/kg and the average concentration was 287 μg/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2337 μg/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant, the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical appliances such as televisions and computers. 2In the Clyde sediments the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical appliances such as televisions and computers.

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“…Mussel tissues stored at −80 °C and −120 °C showed PAH concentrations that were stable for up to 10 years (Schantz et al 2000). Soils stored at 4 °C for two weeks showed significant losses of 2- to 5-ring PAHs due to biodegradation; storage at −20 °C or the addition of a biocide reduced losses (Rost et al 2002). Particulate matter (PM) collected on Teflon filters wrapped in foil, packed in glass bottles, and stored at room temperature in a darkened room for up to 118 days gave consistent readings for PAHs ranging in volatility from fluoranthene/pyrene to coronene (Oda et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Integrity of PAHs, Nitro-PAHs, Hopanes, and Steranes in Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter

Huang

Bohac

Chernyak

et al. 2013

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Diesel exhaust particulate matter contains many semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) of environmental and health significance. This study investigates the composition, emission rates, and integrity of 25 SVOCs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), and diesel biomarkers hopanes and steranes. Diesel engine particulate matter (PM), generated using an engine test bench, three engine conditions, and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), was collected on borosilicate glass fiber filters. Under high engine load, the PM emission rate was 0.102 g/kWh, and emission rate of ΣPAHs (10 compounds), ΣNPAHs (6 compounds), Σhopanes (2 compounds), and Σsteranes (2 compounds) were 2.52, 0.351, 0.02 ~ 2 and 1μg/kWh, respectively. Storage losses were evaluated for three cases: conditioning filters in clean air at 25 °C and 33% relative humidity (RH) for 24 h; storing filter samples (without extraction) wrapped in aluminum foil at 4 °C for up to one month; and storing filter extracts in glass vials capped with Teflon crimp seals at 4 °C for up to six months. After conditioning filters for 24 h, 30% of the more volatile PAHs were lost, but lower volatility NPAHs, hopanes and steranes showed negligible changes. Storing wrapped filters and extracts at 4 °C for up to one month did not lead to significant losses, but storing extracts for five months led to significant losses of PAHs and NPAHs; hopanes and steranes demonstrated greater integrity. These results suggest that even relatively brief filter conditioning periods, needed for gravimetric measurements of PM mass, and extended storage of filter extracts can lead to underestimates of SVOC concentrations. Thus, SVOC sampling and analysis protocols should utilize stringent criteria and performance checks to identify and limit possible biases occurring during filter and extract processing.

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Behavior of PAHs during cold storage of historically contaminated soil samples

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Pyrosequence analysis of bacterial communities in aerobic bioreactors treating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

Pyrosequence analysis of bacterial communities in aerobic bioreactors treating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary, UK

Composition and Integrity of PAHs, Nitro-PAHs, Hopanes, and Steranes in Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter

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