Behavior of PbO in the two-stage sintering of PLZT ceramics

Lin, Wen Tai; Chang, Y. H.

doi:10.1016/0921-5093(94)90318-2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…6,11 A similar phenomenon has been detected in the PLZT system by Hammer and Hoffmann. 13 In the present experiment, we focus on the phenomena of final-stage sintering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…There are several reports showing that PbO vaporization is important in determining the final microstructure of lead-containing materials. 5,6,8,9 It previously has been observed that an excess of PbO in PZT ceramics expedites densification during the initial and intermediate stages of sintering. 9 However, excess PbO is detrimental to the final stage of sintering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 To obtain transparent PLZT ceramics, the density of the body should be nearly 100% of its theoretical density, because even extremely low pore contents can scatter light, rendering the ceramic opaque. 2 Therefore, special techniques, such as hotpressing, 2 atmosphere-controlled liquid-phase sintering, [3][4][5][6][7][8] and vacuum sintering, 5,7 have been used to affect the complete removal of pores. However, these procedures are either not suitable for mass production or uneconomical because of the extended sintering time (usually Ͼ60 h) in an oxygen-gas atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural Evolution of Transparent PLZT Ceramics Sintered in Air and Oxygen Atmospheres

Choi

Ryu

Kim

2001

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Transparent lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics were fabricated by air-pressure sintering. When the PLZT (9/65/35) specimens were sintered in air, the microstructure was not uniform throughout the body; the outer region near the surface was completely dense, while the inner region of the body was porous. The thickness of the outer dense layer increased parabolically with sintering time. When the specimen was sintered in air at 1200°C for 8 h, the thickness of the dense layer was ϳ0.25 mm. Therefore, when the specimen had a thickness of <0.5 mm, it was dense and transparent. This difference in microstructure was attributed to the formation of lattice vacancies as a result of PbO evaporation from the surface. The sintering atmosphere also was important in determining the thickness of the dense layer. The thickness was strongly dependent on the oxygen partial pressure of the atmosphere. The oxygen-gas trapped in pores was deemed to migrate easily through the lattice vacancies. By sintering in an oxygen-gas atmosphere at 1200°C for 8 h, a transparent PLZT with thickness up to 2 mm was fabricated.

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“…6,11 A similar phenomenon has been detected in the PLZT system by Hammer and Hoffmann. 13 In the present experiment, we focus on the phenomena of final-stage sintering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural Evolution of Transparent PLZT Ceramics Sintered in Air and Oxygen Atmospheres

Choi

Ryu

Kim

2001

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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“…22 These phenomena have been also observed in other systems. For example, the evaporation of PbO in PZT 22,25 or lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) 23,24 generates oxygen and lead vacancies to a certain degree, thereby enhancing the transport of material and the process of densification that occur during the sintering process. In the present system, however, the evaporation of PbO was not one of the main factors, because it was identical for all the specimens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction sintering of lead zinc niobate–lead zirconate titanate ceramics

Lee

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2006

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…The effect of increased vacancy sites on the microstructural evolution of the specimen was observed and compared with the case of pure PLZT sintered in air. 5,10,11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Manganese Ion Diffusion on the Microstructural Evolution of Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Ceramic

Choi

Kim

2002

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Microstructural evolution of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics caused by diffusion of the Mn ion was observed. Specimens with layered structures were fabricated by copressing a PLZT powder (9/65/35) doped with Mn and same PLZT powder without the dopant. When the copressed specimen was sintered at 1200°C in air, the Mn ion diffused out of the doped region. The region originally containing the Mn ions was totally free of pores while all other regions remained porous. The formation of lattice vacancies, as a result of Mn diffusion, was attributed to the enhanced material transport and the resultant rapid densification.

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Behavior of PbO in the two-stage sintering of PLZT ceramics

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Microstructural Evolution of Transparent PLZT Ceramics Sintered in Air and Oxygen Atmospheres

Microstructural Evolution of Transparent PLZT Ceramics Sintered in Air and Oxygen Atmospheres

Reaction sintering of lead zinc niobate–lead zirconate titanate ceramics

Effect of Manganese Ion Diffusion on the Microstructural Evolution of Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Ceramic

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