Behavioral activity and visual evoked potentials to photic stimuli following septal lesions in rats.

Schwartzbaum, J. S.; Kreinick, Carol J.; Levine, Michael S.

doi:10.1037/h0032815

Cited by 20 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Here the normal habituation effect of stimulus repetirion can be seen. The facilitative consequence of photic stimulation, shown by Schwartzbaum et al (1972), was seen in the first period of exposure (t = The main effect of replications was significant (F = 6.36, df = 4/92, p ~ .0001), an indication that under the present conditions, motor activity, unlike startle behavior, was highly susceptible to the influence of habituation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Because Schwartzbaum, Kreinick, and Levine (1972) observed that photic stimulation increased activity levels in rats, we also measured motor activity in the interval between successive startle stimuli as an additional examination of the effects of photic stimulus iteration on habituation/sensitization. This permitted us to compare the effects of repetition on Copyright © 1979 Psychonomic Society, Inc.spontaneous behavior that is modulated by the repeated stimulus, i.e., activity, with the effects on a response associated with an independent stimulus, i.e., the acoustic startle reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitization of the rat’s acoustic startle response by repetition of a photic stimulus

Russo

Ison

1979

Psychobiology

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Acoustic startle responses were elicited in rats during trains of light flashes and during periods of darkness. In Experiment 1, startle vigor was potentiated within the first 30 sec of visual stimulation and remained above dark-control values for the 120-sec duration of each photic treatment. Motor activity increased quickly during the first train of flashes but then habituated and returned to the dark-control baseline. In Experiment 2, the time course of sensitization within the first 32 sec of the photic treatment was found to be an increasing logarithmic function of the duration of visual stimulation. In these experiments reflex sensitization did not diminish with repeated stimulus exposure.The present experiments examine changes in reflex sensitization in a paradigm in which sensitization is not confounded by concomitant changes in habituation. Repetition of an eliciting stimulus may simultaneously generate inhibitory habituation processes and excitatory sensitization processes, the ensuing behavioral outcome then reflecting their confounded net influence on reactivity (Groves & Thompson, 1970). The bulk of present understanding of sensitization derives indirectly from empirically obtained habituation curves and derived hypothetical sensitization curves. It is assumed that the process of habituation should yield a steady decrement in response strength following stimulus repetition, but the behavioral decrement depends in large part on the temporal and intensive characteristics of the repeated stimulus, which may often yield local increases in response strength (Davis, 1970; Davis & Wagner, 1968; Groves, Lee, & Thompson, 1969). These perturbations are then ascribed to the occurrence of sensitization. As a result of this indirect approach, statements about the magnitude of sensitization, its decay over time, or its lability with repeated stimulation, have necessarily depended on the particular assumptions that jointly relate theoretical habituation and sensitization processes to the experimental manipulations. However appealing the derived arguments may be, this indirect approach should not substitute for an empirical examination of the growth of sensitization uninfluenced by the usually conjoint effects of habituation. The intent in the present research was to depict sensitization of a motor response (the rat's acoustic startle reaction) under conditions which are

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of the rat’s acoustic startle response by repetition of a photic stimulus

Russo

Ison

1979

Psychobiology

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“…In addition to the above examples using clearly aversive stimuli , sept al enhancement of reactivity has been reported for what might well be regarded as mildly aversive auditory (Gotsick, 1969;Brown & Remley, 1971), visual Donovick & Wakeman, 1969 ;Br o wn & Remley, 1971;Schwartzbaum, Kreinick, & Levine , 1972;Schwartzbaum , Dilorenzo, Mello, & Kreinick, 1972), and heat stimuli (Brown & Remley, 1971) .…”

Section: Facilitating Effects Of Mildly Aversive Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Response suppression and facilitation by aversive stimuli following septal lesions in rats: A review and model

Dickinson

1974

Psychobiology

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Evidence concerning the effects of septal damage on the performance of rats in tasks involving shock and frustrative nonreward is reviewed. It is argued that the behavior of rats with septal lesions cannot be understood in terms of either a change in the functional intensity of aversive stimuli or the ability to register contingencies between such stimuli and responding. Rather, the lesion appears to decrease the suppressive property of aversive stimuli while augmenting their facilitative or drive-enhancing property. On the basis of the evidence, a model of the processing of aversive stimuli is proposed. The model assumes that aversive stimuli are processed by two relatively independent systems: a response suppression system associated with septal functioning and a response facilitation system associated with amygdala functioning. While the facilitation mechanism is activated by stimuli of both positive and negative affective value, the suppression system is sensitive to only aversive events. Further, it is suggested that an additional septal mechanism, sensitive to both positive and negative stimuli exerts inhibitory control over the facilitation system. '

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“…2 Requests for reprints should be sent to J. S. Schwartzbaum, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627. be a transient postoperative phenomenon (Gorman et al, 1967). In other work with rats (Schwartzbaum, Kreinick, & Levine, 1972), reactivity to photic stimulation was examined by allowing the animals to control the duration of flashes of varying frequency. Here again amygdaloid lesions did not alter performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present experiments were undertaken to examine more closely the effects of amygdaloid lesions on behavioral reactivity to photic stimuli and to assess the associated eleetrophysiological response to the stimuli. They were conducted similarly to studies of the septal area (Schwartzbaum, DiLorenzo, Mello, & Kreinick, 1972;Schwartzbaum & Kreinick, 1974;Schwartzbaum, Kreinick, & Levine, 1972). Behavioral reactivity to flashes was analyzed with respect to (a) locomotor activity in the absence of any established ongoing behavior and (6) distractibility during ongoing appetitive behavior, i.e., the extent to which the stimuli would interrupt response patterns on an appetitive task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral reactivity, appetitive behavior, and visual evoked potentials to photic stimuli following amygdaloid lesions in rats.

Schaefer¹,

Kreinick²,

Schwartzbaum³

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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While amygdaloid lesions do not affect locomotor reactivity to photic stimuli under nonappetitive conditions, such lesions markedly increase distractibility to flashes when animals are engaged in appetitive behavior. The enhanced distractibility would seem to reflect dysfunctions in appetitive behavior. Concurrent analysis of visual evoked responses (VERs) revealed evidence of heightened eleetrophysiological arousal in amygdaloid preparations with conditions of intensified photic stimulation, but no altered VERs that could be related to heightened distractibility. Analysis of appetitive dysfunctions by means of VERs to flash probe stimuli during different segments of the behavior indicated reduced eleetrophysiological reactivity by amygdaloid preparations to conditions of frustration instituted by intermittent withholding of reinforcement. These results are contrasted with those of septal lesions.

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Behavioral activity and visual evoked potentials to photic stimuli following septal lesions in rats.

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Sensitization of the rat’s acoustic startle response by repetition of a photic stimulus

Sensitization of the rat’s acoustic startle response by repetition of a photic stimulus

Response suppression and facilitation by aversive stimuli following septal lesions in rats: A review and model

Behavioral reactivity, appetitive behavior, and visual evoked potentials to photic stimuli following amygdaloid lesions in rats.

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