Behavioral and physiological effects of chronic mild stress in female rats

Baker, Stephanie; Kentner, Amanda C.; Konkle, Anne T. M.; Barbagallo, Lisa Santa-Maria; Bielajew, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.019

Cited by 90 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The design of CMS protocol used in this study was based on many sources found in the scientific literature (Gamaro et al 2003, Dalla et al 2005, Baker et al 2006, Detanico et al 2009, Lucca et al 2009) and adapted to the facilities available. Eight stressors were applied, during 28 days (Table 1): (a) 2 hours of lower temperature, when the animals were kept in a plastic cage without wood shavings placed over bags of ice (temperature next to the floor of the cage was maintained around 10°C); (b) 2 hours of heat, which was produced by an electric heater (1500W) orientated to the open side of a cardboard box containing the cages, for partial thermal insulation so that temperature were maintained between 38 and 40°C; (c) 12 hours of isolation, when the animals of each group were transferred to individual cages; (d) 3 hours of 45° cage tilt; (e) 12 hours of water deprivation; (f) 12 hours of food deprivation; (g) 20 minutes of restraint, which was achieved by wrapping the animal in a cloth with hook-and-loop fasteners; and (h) overnight illumination, that was applied by transferring the cages to an adjacent room before the lights of the main room were turned off.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats

et al. 2016

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RESUMO.-[Efeito do estresse moderado crônico sobre parâmetros de avaliação óssea em ratos adultos machos e fêmeas.] A osteoporose é uma doença multifatorial, de alta prevalência e que tem um grande impacto na qualidade de vida, principalmente porque os efeitos sobre a estrutura do osso aumentam o risco de fraturas, que podem ser muito debilitantes. Com base na observação de que pacientes com depressão têm menor densidade mineral óssea que indivíduos saudáveis , muitos estudos têm indicado que o estresse pode ser um fator agravante para a perda óssea. Este estudo avalia o efeito de um protocolo de estresse moderado crônico (EMC) em parâmetros de avaliação óssea em ratos machos e fêmeas. Cinco animais de cada sexo, com cinco meses de idade, foram submetidos a um cronograma de aplicação de estressores durante 28 dias. Os estressores incluídos foram: frio, calor, contenção, inclinação da gaiola, isolamento, iluminação durante a noite e privação de água e ração. Cinco animais de cada sexo foram mantidos com um Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease of high prevalence and has great impact on quality of life, because the effects on bone structure increase the risk of fractures, what may be very debilitating. Based on the observation that patients with depression have lower bone mineral density than healthy individuals, many studies have indicated that stress could be an aggravating factor for bone loss. This study evaluates the effect of a protocol of chronic mild stress (CMS) on parameters of bone assessment in male and female rats. Five 5-monh--old rats of each sex underwent a schedule of stressor application for 28 days. Stressors included cold, heat, restraint, cage tilt, isolation, overnight illumination, and water and food deprivation. Five rats of each sex were kept under minimum intervention as control group. The animals were weighed at beginning and end of the period, and after euthanasia had their bones harvested. Femur, tibia and lumbar vertebrae were analyzed by bone densitometry. Biomechanical tests were performed in femoral head and diaphysis. Trabecular bone volume was obtained from histomorphometric analysis of femoral head and vertebral body, as well as of femoral midshaft cross-sectional measures. Not all parameters analyzed showed effect of CMS. However, tibial and L4 vertebral bone mineral density and cross--sectional cortical/medullar ratio of femoral shaft were lower in female rats submitted to the CMS protocol. Among male rats, the differences were significant for femoral trabecular bone volume and maximum load obtained by biomechanical test. Thus, it could be confirmed that CMS can affect the balance of bone homeostasis in rats, what may contribute to the establishment of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats mínimo de intervenção como grupo controle. Os animais foram pesador no início e no final do período, e após eutanásia tiveram seus ossos coletados. Fêmur, tíbia e vértebra lombar foram analisados por dens...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats

et al. 2016

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“…Anxiety can be studied using the open field chamber, elevated plus maze, acoustic startle reflex, and light-dark box (Dalla et al, 2005;Marin, Cruz, & Planeta, 2007;Mineur, Belzung, & Crusio, 2006;Padilla et al, 2009;Pohl et al, 2007;Slawecki, 2005;Strekalova et al, 2005). Depression can be studied using immobility in the forced swim test, sucrose preference, and dexamethasone suppression test (Baker et al, 2006;Consoli et al, 2005;Dalla et al, 2005;Konkle et al, 2003;Mineur et al, 2006;Pohl et al, 2007;Strekalova et al, 2005). Positive and negative affect can be studied using ultrasonic vocalizations (Brudzynski, Ociepa, & Bihari, 1991;Burgdorf & Panksepp, 2006;Panksepp, 2007;Panksepp & Burgdorf, 2000Rosa et al, 2005).…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the biological stress response, some researchers have reported that females have higher basal levels of physiological functioning than males, whereas others have demonstrated the opposite (Baker et al, 2006;Consoli et al, 2005;Dalla et al, 2005;Paris et al, 2010). Still others have found no sex differences in stress response at all (Konkle et al, 2003;Padilla et al, 2009;van Stegeren et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sucrose intake/preference test appears to tap into another aspect of depression: anhedonia (Baker et al, 2006;Grippo, Moffitt, & Johnson, 2008;Konkle et al, 2003;McCormick et al, 2009;Rygula et al, 2008). The sucrose intake/intake preference test also has a considerable research basis and may be better suited as an index of depression, particularly with Long-Evans rats.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise Training and Social Environment on Stress Resilience in Male and Female Long-Evans Rats

Long¹

2010

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The purpose of this doctoral dissertation research project was to determine if exercise training or social enrichment could enhance stress resilience in rats. The specific aims of this experiment were to evaluate: (1) how combined sleep disturbance and predator stress affect biological and psychological components of the stress response; (2) if exercise training attenuates the biological and psychological components of the stress response and promotes recovery following exposure to sleep disturbance and predator stress; (3) if social support attenuates the biological and psychological components of the stress response and promotes recovery following exposure to sleep disturbance and predator stress; and (4) sex differences in the effects of sleep disturbance and predator stress on biological and psychological components of the stress response.The independent variables were: (1) exercise training (yes, no), (2) social enrichment (pair, individual housing), (3) sex (female, male), and (4) stress period (pre-stress, stress, post-stress). A combined sleep disturbance and predator stressor was administered over a 2 week period. The sleep disturbance stressor was administered daily during the animals' sleep period. The predator stress was administered intermittently during the animals' active period. This iv stressor was designed to be analogous to conditions that military personnel experience during combat deployments. Biological and psychological variables were measured before, during, and after the stress period. The biological dependent variables were corticosterone (fecal and serum) and body weight.

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“…When female rats are administered the stressors associated with the CMS procedure, they appear to be more vulnerable to its effects as indexed by decreased sucrose intake and/or sucrose preference (a measure of anhedonia) and open field activity (measure of exploration), increased corticosterone levels, and decreased serotonergic activity in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (Baker et al, 2006;Bielajew et al, 2002;Dalla et al, 2005;Konkle et al, 2003Konkle et al, , 2010. Further, CMS exposure is known to decrease weight gain in both male and female rodents (for review see Willner, 1997Willner, , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero programming alters adult response to chronic mild stress: Part 3 of a longitudinal study

et al. 2014

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Behavioral and physiological effects of chronic mild stress in female rats

Cited by 90 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats

Effects of chronic mild stress on parameters of bone assessment in adult male and female rats

Effects of Exercise Training and Social Environment on Stress Resilience in Male and Female Long-Evans Rats

In utero programming alters adult response to chronic mild stress: Part 3 of a longitudinal study

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