Behavioral and physiological responses to anabolic-androgenic steroids

Clark, Ann S.; Henderson, Leslie

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00064-2

Cited by 206 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are modified, synthetic derivatives of testosterone originally designed for therapeutic purposes, but whose ranks now include greater than 60 compounds that are used broadly and illicitly as ergogenic agents (for review, Shahidi, 2001;Clark and Henderson, 2003). Few of the AAS have been assessed with respect to the mechanism of allosteric modulation, but the commonly abused AAS, 17α-methyltesosterone (17α-MeT), can both potentiate and antagonize GABA A receptor-mediated currents depending on the subunit composition of the receptor (for review Clark et al, 2004;Section 3.3).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Steroid Modulation Of Gaba a Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, high levels of the γ 1 subunit mRNA are evident in a limited subset of interconnected forebrain regions, including the mPOA and lateral septum (LS), which are known to be important in the regulation of reproductive behaviors (Ymer et al, 1990;Araki et al, 1992Araki et al, ,1993Wisden et al, 1992;Herbison and Fénelon, 1995;Clark et al, 1998). Like the γ 1 subunit, ε expression is limited to a small number of CNS regions and is enriched in hypothalamic/forebrain regions, including the mPOA and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), that are involved in the generation of reproductive behaviors (for review, Clark and Henderson, 2003;Clark et al, 2006). Of particular relevance, ε subunit is expressed at abundant levels in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and virtually all GnRH neurons in the mPOA/anterior hypothalamus express this subunit (Moragues et al, 2003).…”

Section: Subunit Expression In the Hypothalamus/basal Forebrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in the hypothalamus: Effects on reproductive function

Henderson

2007

Neuropharmacology

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The hypothalamus, the seat of neuroendocrine control, is exquisitely sensitive to gonadal steroids. For decades it has been known that androgens, estrogens and progestins, acting through nuclear hormone receptors, elicit both organizational and activational effects in the hypothalamus and basal forebrain that are essential for reproductive function. While changes in gene expression mediated by these classical hormone pathways are paramount in governing both sexual differentiation and the neural control of reproduction, it is also clear that steroids impart critical control of neuroendocrine functions through nongenomic mechanisms. Specifically, endogenous neurosteroid derivatives of deoxycorticosterone, progesterone and testosterone, as well and synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids that are self-administered as drugs of abuse, elicit acute effects via allosteric modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. GABAergic transmission within the hypothalamus and basal forebrain is a key regulator of pubertal onset, the expression of sexual behaviors, pregnancy and parturition. Summarized here are the known actions of steroid modulators on GABAergic transmission within the hypothalamus/basal forebrain, with a focus on the medial preoptic area and the supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei that are known to be central players in the control of reproduction.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Steroid Modulation Of Gaba a Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subunit Expression In the Hypothalamus/basal Forebrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in the hypothalamus: Effects on reproductive function

Henderson

2007

Neuropharmacology

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“…For example, in male gerbils, c-fos and the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA are co-localized in half of POA and AMY neurons, whereas only about one-fourth of the neurons co-express c-fos and the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, following mating (Simmons and Yahr, 2003). In addition, hormonal manipulations can modulate GABA receptor function (Clark and Henderson, 2003). For example, in mice, T treatment decreases the levels of individual GABAa receptor subunit mRNAs in the POA and AMY (McIntyre et al, 2002).…”

Section: Potential Functional Explanations Of Differential C-fos Exprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of season, testosterone and female exposure on c-fos expression in the preoptic area and amygdala of male green anoles

Neal

Wade

2007

Brain Research

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Expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was used to investigate changes in neuronal activity in forebrain regions involved in male sexual behavior following social, hormonal and/or seasonal manipulations in the male green anole. These factors all influence behavior, yet it is unclear how they interact to modify neuronal activity in forebrain regions, including the preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial nucleus of the amygdala (AMY). These regions are involved in the display of sexual behaviors in male green anoles as in many other vertebrates. To determine the effects of seasonal, hormonal and social cues on these brain areas, we investigated c-fos under environmental conditions typical of the breeding or non-breeding season in adult male green anoles that were castrated and implanted with either testosterone (T) or blank (Bl) capsules. We also manipulated social cues by exposing only half of the animals in each group to females. T enhanced courtship and copulatory behaviors, but decreased c-fos expression in the AMY. A similar, although not statistically significant, pattern was observed in the POA, and the density of c-fos+ cells was negatively correlated in that region with the number of extensions of a throat fan (dewlap) used during courtship. Therefore, it appears that in the male green anole, T may diminish c-fos expression (likely in inhibitory neurons) in the POA and AMY to create a permissive environment in which the appropriate behavioral response can be displayed.

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“…Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone originally designed for therapeutic uses to provide enhanced anabolic potency with negligible androgenic effect [1,2]. These substances promote the growth of skeletal muscle and the development of male sexual characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated and sensitive determination of four anabolic androgenic steroids in urine by online turbulent flow solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A novel approach for clinical monitoring and doping control

Guo

Shao²,

Liu

et al. 2014

Talanta

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Behavioral and physiological responses to anabolic-androgenic steroids

Cited by 206 publications

References 140 publications

Steroid modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in the hypothalamus: Effects on reproductive function

Steroid modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in the hypothalamus: Effects on reproductive function

Effects of season, testosterone and female exposure on c-fos expression in the preoptic area and amygdala of male green anoles

Automated and sensitive determination of four anabolic androgenic steroids in urine by online turbulent flow solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A novel approach for clinical monitoring and doping control

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