2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.024
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Behavioral asymmetries in ticks – Lateralized questing of Ixodes ricinus to a mechatronic apparatus delivering host-borne cues

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Cited by 21 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Standardizing methods for behavioral research is crucial to allow data comparisons. For example, high reproducibility of questing-related data can be obtained using mechatronic arenas, which also reduce animal testing in laboratory [ 91 ], and allows the dissection of host-borne cues [ 92 ]. The use of mechatronic arenas also allows repeated testing, thus assessing both intra- and inter-individual variability (e.g., questing success and responses to repellents) of the affected traits in highly standardized conditions over time.…”
Section: Concluding Remarks and Outstanding Challenges For A Reseamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Standardizing methods for behavioral research is crucial to allow data comparisons. For example, high reproducibility of questing-related data can be obtained using mechatronic arenas, which also reduce animal testing in laboratory [ 91 ], and allows the dissection of host-borne cues [ 92 ]. The use of mechatronic arenas also allows repeated testing, thus assessing both intra- and inter-individual variability (e.g., questing success and responses to repellents) of the affected traits in highly standardized conditions over time.…”
Section: Concluding Remarks and Outstanding Challenges For A Reseamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because both tick species showed strong thermotaxis on the servosphere, we focused on testing a simpler thermal source on semi-natural conditions for subsequent experiments. During host seeking, hard ticks exhibit questing as a way of increasing the chances of coming into contact with a suitable vertebrate, by climbing up a blade of grass or similar plant parts [63]. The Peltier element used here emitted both long-wavelength IR (~9 µm) and convective heat at 32 • C. This plate artificially modeled a warm-blooded host-human skin that emits radiation in the waveband between 4.5 and 11 µm with a peak near 9 µm at 32 • C [64,65].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, one may argue that the presence of population‐level behavior asymmetries may look awkward, since earlier theoretical models suggested that individual‐level asymmetries are more frequent in solitary species, while population‐level asymmetries characterize social species (Ghirlanda & Vallortigara, 2004; Ghirlanda et al ., 2009). However, a growing body of researches pointed out that the occurrence of behavioral asymmetries in solitary invertebrates could be related to several frequent and/or prolonged social (Niven & Frasnelli, 2018) or “almost‐social” interactions (Benelli et al ., 2015a) occurring during their lifespan, including insect aggressive encounters (Benelli et al ., 2015a,b,c; Romano et al ., 2015), tick questing behavior (Benelli et al ., 2018), locust predator surveillance (Romano et al ., 2017, 2019), as well as courtship and mating approaches (Benelli et al ., 2016; Benelli, 2018; Benelli & Romano, 2019), just to cite some examples. This latter hypothesis seems conceivable also for C. capitator , since male parasitoids perform multiple and prolonged attempts to copulate with females, especially during the first week of their life (Ricciardi R. & Benelli G., personal observation).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%