Behavioral changes associated with ablation of the amygdaloid complex in monkeys.

Weiskrantz, Lawrence

doi:10.1037/h0088009

Cited by 758 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the context of the current findings and a large body of previous work (Davis, 1992;Davis and Shi, 1999;Everitt et al, 1999;Fendt and Fanselow, 1999;Holland and Gallagher, 1999;LeDoux, 2000;Maren, 2001), it is clear that the amygdala is key for learning processes whereby neutral stimuli acquire biological significance, as first proposed by Weiskrantz (1956). Additionally, amygdala connections with the hypothalamus have long been thought to play a role in modulation of species-typical behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Amygdalo-Hypothalamic Circuit Allows Learned Cues to Override Satiety and Promote Eating

et al. 2002

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Organisms eat not only in a response to signals related to energy balance. Eating also occurs in response to "extrinsic," or environmental, signals, including learned cues. Such cues can modify feeding based on motivational value acquired through association with either rewarding or aversive events. We provide evidence that a specific brain system, involving connections between basolateral amygdala and the lateral hypothalamus, is crucial for allowing learned cues (signals that were paired with food delivery when the animal was hungry) to override satiety and promote eating in sated rats. In an assessment of second-order conditioning, we also found that disconnection of this circuitry had no effect on the ability of a conditioned cue to support new learning. Knowledge about neural systems through which food-associated cues specifically control feeding behavior provides a defined model for the study of learning that may be informative for understanding mechanisms that contribute to eating disorders and more moderate forms of overeating.Key words: amygdala; hypothalamus; eating; feeding behavior; learning; goal-directed behavior; motivation Mild to severe obesity, estimated to affect ϳ60% of the adult population in developed countries, is a risk factor for a range of diseases (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). Despite adverse health consequences, difficulties in achieving and maintaining weight control are common. Overeating is attributable, at least in part, to the fact that food consumption is powerfully influenced by a variety of environmental factors that are unrelated to energy requirements (Rodin, 1981;Booth, 1989). Eating can be socially facilitated (De Castro, 1997), and cues that become associated with food when hunger prevails can increase eating in satiated states (Weingarten, 1983).Recent research is beginning to define the neural systems through which such psychological processes influence eating. Under conditions that strongly potentiate feeding, laboratory rats with neurotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdalar area (BLA) [including basolateral ("basal"), basomedial ("accessory basal"), and lateral nuclei] fail to increase eating in the presence of a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was previously paired with food (Gallagher, 2000;Holland et al., 2002). The BLA has anatomical connections with neural circuits in the hypothalamus that control feeding behavior (Elmquist et al., 1999;Swanson, 2000;DeFalco et al., 2001;Petrovich et al., 2001). It sends substantial, topographically organized projections to the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) (Petrovich et al., 2001), which forms part of the feeding circuit and historically has been linked to initiation of feeding (Elmquist et al., 1999).The current investigation examined potentiation of feeding by a CS in rats with a preparation that disconnects the BLA and the LHA. Here we report that the BLA-LHA system is crucial for allowing learned cues to override satiety signals and stimulate eating in sated states. We further show that t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Amygdalo-Hypothalamic Circuit Allows Learned Cues to Override Satiety and Promote Eating

et al. 2002

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“…This idea is an extension of earlier theoretical notions that the amygdala is involved in the interpretation and integration of reinforcement (Weiskrantz, 1956), serves as a reinforcement register (Douglas & Pribram, 1966), mediates stimulus-reinforcement associations (Jones & Mishkin, 1972) and serves to associate stimuli with reward value (Gaffan, 1992). …”

Section: Short-term or Working Memory --Affect Attributementioning

confidence: 95%

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

Kesner¹

2013

CCBR

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Memory is a complex phenomenon due to a large number of potential interactions that are associated with the organization of memory at the psychological and neural system level. In this review article a tripartite, multiple attribute, multiple process memory model with different forms of memory and its neurobiological underpinnings is represented in terms of the nature, structure or content of information representation as a set of different attributes including language, time, place, response, reward value (affect) and visual object as an example of sensory-perception. For each attribute, information is processed in the event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems through multiple operations that involve multiple neural underpinnings. Of the many processes associated with the event-based memory system, the emphasis will be placed on short-term or working memory and pattern separation. Of the many processes associated with the knowledgebased memory system, the emphasis will be placed on perceptual processes. Of the many processes associated with the rule-based memory system the emphasis will be on short-term or working memory and paired associate learning. For all three systems data will be presented to demonstrate differential neuroanatomical mediation and where available parallel results will be presented in rodents, monkeys and humans.

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“…Starting from the seminal work of Larry Weiskrantz (1956), who first showed that bilateral lesions to the amygdala in monkeys were sufficient to induce a loss of reactivity to emotional visual stimuli typical of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome, the amygdala has been a central structure in the study of emotions. The main pathway for the transmission of visual information from the retina to the amygdala passes through striate and extrastriate cortex along the ventral stream (e.g., LeDoux, 1996).…”

Section: Which Neural Systems Mediate Affective Blindsight?mentioning

confidence: 99%

From affective blindsight to emotional consciousness

Celeghin

Gelder

Tamietto

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

113

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a b s t r a c tFollowing destruction or denervation of the primary visual cortex (V1) cortical blindness ensues. Affective blindsight refers to the uncanny ability of such patients to respond correctly, or above chance level, to visual emotional expressions presented to their blind fields. Fifteen years after its original discovery, affective blindsight still fascinates neuroscientists and philosophers alike, as it offers a unique window on the vestigial properties of our visual system that, though present in the intact brain, tend to be unnoticed or even actively inhibited by conscious processes. Here we review available studies on affective blindsight with the intent to clarify its functional properties, neural bases and theoretical implications. Evidence converges on the role of subcortical structures of old evolutionary origin such as the superior colliculus, the pulvinar and the amygdala in mediating affective blindsight and nonconscious perception of emotions. We conclude that approaching consciousness, and its absence, from the vantage point of emotion processing may uncover important relations between the two phenomena, as consciousness may have evolved as an evolutionary specialization to interact with others and become aware of their social and emotional expressions.

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Behavioral changes associated with ablation of the amygdaloid complex in monkeys.

Cited by 758 publications

References 14 publications

Amygdalo-Hypothalamic Circuit Allows Learned Cues to Override Satiety and Promote Eating

Amygdalo-Hypothalamic Circuit Allows Learned Cues to Override Satiety and Promote Eating

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

From affective blindsight to emotional consciousness

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