Behavioral facilitation after hippocampal lesion: A review

Schwarting, Rainer K.W.; Busse, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.058

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…As a crucial factor for involvement of HC as well as for the type of behavior elicited, defensive distance has been suggested (Fanselow and Lester, 1988;Gray and McNaughton, 2000;Blanchard et al, 2011). In contrast, the reduction in approach latency that our exploratory analysis suggested in both types of selective lesions may not be specific to approach-avoidance conflict: similar reduction in response times after HC lesions has also been observed in purely reward-related rodent tasks (Schwarting and Busse, 2017). Impairment in return vigor after amygdala lesions is consistent with a rodent literature investigating non-conflict active avoidance (LeDoux et al, 2017;Terburg et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Disentangling Hippocampal and Amygdala Contribution to Human Anxiety-Like Behavior

et al. 2019

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Anxiety comprises a suite of behaviors to deal with potential threat and is often modeled in approach-avoidance conflict tasks. Collectively, these tests constitute a predominant preclinical model of anxiety disorder. A body of evidence suggests that both ventral hippocampus and amygdala lesions impair anxiety-like behavior, but the relative contribution of these two structures is unclear. A possible reason is that approach-avoidance conflict tasks involve a series of decisions and actions, which may be controlled by distinct neural mechanisms that are difficult to disentangle from behavioral readouts. Here, we capitalize on a human approach-avoidance conflict test, implemented as computer game, that separately measures several action components. We investigate three patients of both sexes with unspecific unilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage, one male with selective bilateral hippocampal (HC), and one female with selective bilateral amygdala lesions, and compare them to matched controls. MTL and selective HC lesions, but not selective amygdala lesions, increased approach decision when possible loss was high. In contrast, MTL and selective amygdala lesions, but not selective HC lesions, increased return latency. Additionally, selective HC and selective amygdala lesions reduced approach latency. In a task targeted at revealing subjective assumptions about the structure of the computer game, MTL and selective HC lesions impacted on reaction time generation but not on the subjective task structure. We conclude that deciding to approach reward under threat relies on hippocampus but not amygdala, whereas vigor of returning to safety depends on amygdala but not on hippocampus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Disentangling Hippocampal and Amygdala Contribution to Human Anxiety-Like Behavior

et al. 2019

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“…This is similar to evidence for infralimbic projections to the NAc exerting control over excessive drinking in ethanol dependent rats (Pfarr et al 2015). Prior literature indicates that the hippocampus is part of a behavioral inhibition circuit in the brain that serves to keep certain behaviors in check (McNaughton 2006;Schwarting & Busse 2017). Recent work has explored this concept by modeling approachavoidance behaviors in rodents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Recent data also suggests a role for the ventral hippocampus in regulating habit and goal motivated behaviors (Barker et al 2019) as well as increases in exploration of aversive contexts in approach-avoidance studies (Ito & Lee 2016;Schumacher et al 2016). Collectively, these reports indicate that reduced ventral hippocampus function can facilitate behavior, suggesting the ventral portion of the hippocampus participates in the active inhibition of at least some behaviors (Schwarting & Busse 2017). Thus, the role of the ventral hippocampus in motivation and reward is complex and in need of further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibition of the Ventral Hippocampus Increases Alcohol Drinking

Griffin¹,

Rinker

Woodward

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The function of the ventral hippocampus (vHC) supports many behaviors, including those related to reward seeking behaviors and drug addiction. We used a mouse model of alcohol dependence and relapse to investigate the role of the vHC in alcohol (ethanol) drinking. One experiment used a chemogenetic approach to inhibit vHC function while ethanol dependent and non-dependent mice had access to ethanol. Interestingly, the non-dependent mice expressing an inhibitory DREADD in the VHC showed a significant increase in ethanol drinking (~30%) after hM4Di DREADD activation with clozapine-n-oxide (CNO; 3 mg/kg, ip.) compared to vehicle. On the other hand, ethanol dependent mice, which were already drinking significantly more ethanol than non-dependent mice, only had a slight, non-significant increase in drinking after CNO challenge. In a separate group of dependent and non-dependent mice, GCaMP6f calcium-dependent activity was recorded in the vHC while mice were actively drinking ethanol. These data showed that once mice were rendered ethanol dependent and were drinking more ethanol than the non-dependent mice, calcium signaling in the ventral hippocampus decreased (~45%) in the ethanol dependent mice compared to the non-dependent mice. Together, these findings suggest that ethanol dependence reduces activity of the ventral hippocampus and that reduced function of this brain region contributes to increased ethanol drinking.

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“…An animal model of ischemia demonstrated that reducing cerebral blood flow causes memory and behavioral impairments and neuronal loss in the hippocampus (Roman et al, 2002). The hippocampus plays important roles in multiple memory systems (Schwarting and Busse, 2016). Given that the svMCI patients had a worse memory z -score— which reflects memory processing (i.e., auditory information retrieval processing, visuoperception, and short-term visual memory)— than the controls, we assume that the poor memory output of svMCI patients may be partially attributed to iron accumulation in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Brain Iron Deposition in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: A Potential Biomarker

Sun

Han

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The presence and pattern of iron accumulation in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and their effects on cognition have rarely been investigated. We aimed to examine brain iron deposition in svMCI subjects using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Moreover, we aimed to investigate the correlation between brain iron deposition and the severity of cognitive impairment as indicated by z-scores. We recruited 20 subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) patients who fulfilled the criteria for svMCI. The control group comprised 19 SIVD patients without cognitive impairment. The SIVD and control groups were matched based on age, gender, and years of education. Both groups underwent QSM using a 3.0T MRI system. Susceptibility maps were reconstructed from in vivo data, which were acquired with a three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled sequence. Then, regions of interest were drawn manually on the map of each subject. The inter-group differences of susceptibility values were explored in deep gray matter nuclei, including the bilateral pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, head of caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus. The correlations between regional iron deposition and composite z-score, memory z-score, language z-score, attention-executive z-score and visuospatial z-score were assessed using partial correlation analysis, with patient age and gender as covariates. Compared with the control, the svMCI group had elevated susceptibility values within the bilateral hippocampus and right putamen. Furthermore, the susceptibility value in the right hippocampus was negatively correlated with memory z-score and positively correlated with language z-score. The susceptibility value in the right putamen was negatively correlated with attention-executive z-score in the svMCI group. However, composite z-score were unrelated to susceptibility values. Our results suggest that brain iron deposition has clinical relevance as a biomarker for cognition. In addition, our results highlight the importance of iron deposition in understanding svMCI-associated cognitive deficits in addition to conventional MRI markers.

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Behavioral facilitation after hippocampal lesion: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 151 publications

Disentangling Hippocampal and Amygdala Contribution to Human Anxiety-Like Behavior

Disentangling Hippocampal and Amygdala Contribution to Human Anxiety-Like Behavior

Inhibition of the Ventral Hippocampus Increases Alcohol Drinking

Characterizing Brain Iron Deposition in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: A Potential Biomarker

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