“…However, to some degree, antioxidant enzymes can protect organisms by scavenging ROS (Regoli and Giuliani, 2014) (Korsloot et al, 2004;Regoli and Giuliani, 2014). Usually, the activities of SOD and CAT significantly increase when organisms are exposed to stressors (Fernández et al, 2012;He et al, 2022;Lushchak, 2011;Maria et al, 2014). Additionally, organisms can protect themselves against the damaging effects of stressors via synthesizing a group of chaperone molecules termed heat shock proteins (HSPs).…”