Behavioral Interpretations of Intrinsic Connectivity Networks

Laird, Angela R.; Fox, P. Mickle; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Turner, Jessica A.; Ray, Kimberly L.; McKay, D. Reese; Glahn, David C.; Beckmann, Christian F.; Smith, Stephen M.; Fox, Peter T.

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00077

Cited by 951 publications

(1,084 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Several other networks of coherent BOLD activity between remote brain regions have since been identified, including visual, auditory, language and attention networks, and a network called the "default mode network" (DMN) which reduces its activity during attentiondemanding tasks. These networks of regions with coherent activity during rest are consistent across subjects and closely resemble the brain's functional organization of evoked responses (Damoiseaux et al, 2006;Fox and Raichle, 2007;Laird et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2009). Coherent BOLD activity persists during sleep and in anesthetized monkeys, suggesting that it reflects a fundamental property of the brain's functional organization (Larson-Prior et al, 2009;Vincent et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Principal components of functional connectivity: A new approach to study dynamic brain connectivity during rest

et al. 2013

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Functional connectivity (FC) as measured by correlation between fMRI BOLD time courses of distinct brain regions has revealed meaningful organization of spontaneous fluctuations in the resting brain. However, an increasing amount of evidence points to non-stationarity of FC; i.e., FC dynamically changes over time reflecting additional and rich information about brain organization, but representing new challenges for analysis and interpretation. Here, we propose a data-driven approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) to reveal hidden patterns of coherent FC dynamics across multiple subjects. We demonstrate the feasibility and relevance of this new approach by examining the differences in dynamic FC between 13 healthy control subjects and 15 minimally disabled relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. We estimated whole-brain dynamic FC of regionally-averaged BOLD activity using sliding time windows. We then used PCA to identify FC patterns, termed "eigenconnectivities", that reflect meaningful patterns in FC fluctuations. We then assessed the contributions of these patterns to the dynamic FC at any given time point and identified a network of connections centered on the default-mode network with altered contribution in patients. Our results complement traditional stationary analyses, and reveal novel insights into brain connectivity dynamics and their modulation in a neurodegenerative disease.© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionSpontaneous fluctuations of the functional MRI (fMRI) bloodoxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal are not random but temporally coherent between distinct brain regions. While these fluctuations were long considered as "noise", Biswal et al. (1995) showed that fluctuations of motor areas were correlated even in the absence of a motor task. Several other networks of coherent BOLD activity between remote brain regions have since been identified, including visual, auditory, language and attention networks, and a network called the "default mode network" (DMN) which reduces its activity during attentiondemanding tasks. These networks of regions with coherent activity during rest are consistent across subjects and closely resemble the brain's functional organization of evoked responses (Damoiseaux et al., 2006;Fox and Raichle, 2007;Laird et al., 2011;Smith et al., 2009). Coherent BOLD activity persists during sleep and in anesthetized monkeys, suggesting that it reflects a fundamental property of the brain's functional organization (Larson-Prior et al., 2009;Vincent et al., 2007).Coherent BOLD activity, known as "functional connectivity" (FC), is modulated by learning (Bassett et al., 2011), cognitive and affective states (Cribben et al., 2012;Ekman et al., 2012;Eryilmaz et al., 2011;Richiardi et al., 2011;Shirer et al., 2012) and also spontaneously Chang and Glover, 2010; Kitzbichler et al., 2009). Chang andGlover (2010) showed that FC between the posterior cingulate cortex, a key region of the default mode network, and various other brain regions was highly dy...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Principal components of functional connectivity: A new approach to study dynamic brain connectivity during rest

et al. 2013

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“…For a detailed description of the anatomical structures in each of the networks, see Beckmann et al 30 To verify that results were not dependent on the choice of network templates, we repeated the analysis using a set of 20 networks from Smith et al 32,34 This analysis yielded similar results to those found for the eightnetwork template (for further details see Supplementary Material M2, Supplementary Figure S2, and Supplementary Figure S3). …”

Section: Eight-network Templatementioning

confidence: 77%

Longitudinal Effects of Lesions on Functional Networks after Stroke

Ovadia-Caro

Villringer

Fiebach

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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While ischemic stroke reflects focal damage determined by the affected vascular territory, clinical symptoms are often more complex and may be better explained by additional indirect effects of the focal lesion. Assumed to be structurally underpinned by anatomical connections, supporting evidence has been found using alterations in the functional connectivity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in both sensorimotor and attention networks. To assess the generalizability of this phenomenon in a stroke population with heterogeneous lesions, we investigated the distal effects of lesions on a global level. Longitudinal resting-state fMRI scans were acquired at three consecutive time points, beginning during the acute phase (days 1, 7, and 90 post-stroke) in 12 patients after ischemic stroke. We found a preferential functional change in affected networks (i.e., networks containing lesions changed more during recovery when compared with unaffected networks). This change in connectivity was significantly correlated with clinical changes assessed with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Our results provide evidence that the functional architecture of large-scale networks is critical to understanding the clinical effect and trajectory of post-stroke recovery.

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“…Finally, IC8 represented bilateral central sulci, primary somatosensory, and motor regions for the upper body parts (Laird et al. 2011). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesThought suppression has spurred extensive research in clinical and preclinical fields, particularly with regard to the paradoxical aspects of this behavior. However, the involvement of the brain's inhibitory system in the dynamics underlying the continuous effort to suppress thoughts has yet to be clarified. This study aims to provide a unified perspective for the volitional suppression of internal events incorporating the current understanding of the brain's inhibitory system.Materials and MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed thought suppression blocks alternating with visual imagery blocks. The whole dataset was decomposed by group‐independent component analysis into 30 components. After discarding noise components, the 20 valid components were subjected to further analysis of their temporal properties including task‐relatedness and between‐component residual correlation.ResultsCombining a long task period and a data‐driven approach, we observed a right‐side‐dominant, lateral frontoparietal network to be strongly suppression related. This network exhibited increased fluctuation during suppression, which is compatible with the well‐known difficulty of suppression maintenance.ConclusionsBetween‐network correlation provided further insight into the coordinated engagement of the executive control and dorsal attention networks, as well as the reciprocal activation of imagery‐related components, thus revealing neural substrates associated with the rivalry between intrusive thoughts and the suppression process.

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Behavioral Interpretations of Intrinsic Connectivity Networks

Cited by 951 publications

References 64 publications

Principal components of functional connectivity: A new approach to study dynamic brain connectivity during rest

Principal components of functional connectivity: A new approach to study dynamic brain connectivity during rest

Longitudinal Effects of Lesions on Functional Networks after Stroke

Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression

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