Behaviour of chemical modifiers in the determination of arsenic by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in petroleum products

Rebouças, Márcio das Virgens; Ferreira, Sérgio Luís Costa; Neto, Benício de Barros

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.02.014

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The optimization step was established using a Doehlert design involving the factors modifier concentration, pyrolysis temperature, and atomization temperature. As responses were observed: analyte signal (integrated absorbance), background signal, and the ratio between average analyte and background signals (56).…”

Section: Optimization Of Analytical Procedures Using Multivarite Techmentioning

confidence: 91%

Application of Multivariate Techniques in Optimization of Spectroanalytical Methods

Ferreira

Korn

Ferreira

et al. 2007

Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

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The present article describes fundamentals and applications of multivariate techniques used for the optimization of analytical procedures and systems involving spectroanalytical methods such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), considering the main steps of a chemical analysis. This way, applications of experimental designs in optimization of sampling systems, digestion procedures, preconcentration procedures, instrumental parameters of quantification steps of analytical methods, and robustness tests have been summarized in this work.

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Section: Optimization Of Analytical Procedures Using Multivarite Techmentioning

confidence: 91%

Application of Multivariate Techniques in Optimization of Spectroanalytical Methods

Ferreira

Korn

Ferreira

et al. 2007

Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

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“…However, the direct analysis of petroleum products requires sufficiently high pyrolysis temperatures to guarantee efficient matrix removal. Significant losses of arsenic were observed at temperatures as low as 200−400°C if no modifier was used; hence, the use of a chemical modifier is mandatory for this application [6,7,9]. Among the modifiers that have been proposed for the determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives and other organic products, palladium is the most widely used one [7,14,20].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Chemical Modifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are only a few examples in the literature for fuel analysis without previous sample treatment [1,2,9]. The direct introduction of fuel samples for the determination of trace metals presents some general problems, such as volatility, flammability and immiscibility with water, difficulty of sample introduction due to the low viscosity and surface tension, excessive spreading of the fuel during thermal pretreatment in GF AAS due to the temperature gradient when longitudinally heated atomizers are used [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Becker

Rampazzo

Dessuy

et al. 2011

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Arsenic's high volatility makes its determination a difficult task [23][24]. Therefore, samples contain high concentration of arsenic are necessary to introduce into nebuliser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of As(III) using developed dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Basiri¹,

Moinfar²,

Hosseini³

2011

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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The method relies on selective complexation of As(III) with a suitable chelating agent followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) equipped with microsample introduction system was utilised for determination of As(III). 1-Undecanol and acetone were used as extraction solvent and disperser solvent respectively. Some effective parameters on complex formation and extraction have been optimised. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor of 108 for As(III) was obtained from 9.8 mL of water samples. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 2-15 mg L À1 with detection limits of 0.60 mg L À1 for As(III). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for ten replicate measurements of 5.00 m gL À1 of As(III) was 6.2%. Operation simplicity and high enrichment factors are the main advantages of DLLME for the determination of As(III) without necessity for hydride generation in water samples.Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; determination of As(III); flame atomic absorption spectrometry; water analysis 1. Introduction Arsenic is the twentieth most abundant element in the crust of earth, the fourteenth in the seawater and the twelfth in the human body. Arsenic and arsenic compounds are used in wood preservatives, glass manufacture, alloys, electronics, catalysts, food additives and veterinary chemicals [1].Nowadays, it is well known that the occurrence of arsenic in natural waters is not just associated with the geochemical environment where it is found. Direct releasing of arsenic to the environment can occur as a result of anthropogenic activities such as petrochemical industries. Arsenic is found in crude oil in concentrations ranging from 510 to 26.2 mg kg À1 , depending on the geographical origin of petroleum [2]. Arsenic exists in nature in the oxidation states þV (arsenate), þIII (arsenite), 0 (arsenic) and ÀIII (arsine). In the aqueous environment, inorganic arsenic appears commonly in the oxidation states þV and þIII as arsenous acid (As(III)), arsenic acid (As(V)), and their salts [3]. Inorganic compounds of As are more toxic than their organic ones and may be found in ground and surface waters [4]. As(III) is reported to be 25-60 times more toxic than As(V), and several hundred times more toxic than organic arsenicals (at least in the case of the mono and

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Behaviour of chemical modifiers in the determination of arsenic by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in petroleum products

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Application of Multivariate Techniques in Optimization of Spectroanalytical Methods

Application of Multivariate Techniques in Optimization of Spectroanalytical Methods

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Determination of As(III) using developed dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry

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