Behaviour of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS) in sandy soils with low amounts of organic matter

Küchler, Th.; Schnaak, W.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00147-1

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The anionic surfactant used in our experiment is known to have a lower capacity to remain adsorbed in soil than various mixed types of surfactants commonly used in the formulation of detergents (Rao and He, 2006). Anionic surfactants also tend to degrade rapidly in soil (Küchler and Schnaak 1997) with little or no risk to soil biota (Scott and Jones, 2000). Thus, anionic surfactants present in irrigation water may not persist in soils long enough to affect plant growth adversely.…”

Section: Plant Growth Response To Nutrients and Surfactants In Irrigamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse potential of laundry greywater for irrigation based on growth, water and nutrient use of tomato

Misra

Patel

Baxi

2010

Journal of Hydrology

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SUMMARYGreywater is considered as a valuable resource with a high reuse potential for irrigation of household lawns and gardens. However, there are possibilities of surfactant and sodium accumulation in soil from reuse of greywater which may affect agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability adversely. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to examine variation in growth, water and nutrient use of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Grosse Lisse) using tap water (TW), laundry greywater (GW) and solutions of low and high concentration of a detergent surfactant (LC and HC, respectively) as irrigation treatments. Each treatment was replicated five times using a randomised block design. Measurements throughout the experiment showed greywater to be significantly more alkaline and saline than the other types of irrigation water. Although all plants received sixteen irrigations over a period of nine weeks until flowering, there were little or no significant effects of irrigation treatments on plant growth. Soil water retention following irrigation reduced significantly when plants were irrigated with GW or surfactant solutions on only three of twelve occasions. On one occasion, water use measured as evapotranspiration (ET) with GW irrigation was similar to TW, but it was significantly higher than the plants receiving HC irrigation. At harvest, various components of plant biomass and leaf area for GW irrigated plants were found to be similar or significantly higher than the TW irrigated plants with a common trend of GW ≥ TW > LC ≥ HC. Whole-plant concentration was measured for twelve essential plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo and B) and Na (often considered as a beneficial nutrient). Irrigation treatments affected the concentration of four nutrients (P, Fe, Zn and Na) and uptake of seven nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and B) significantly. Uptake of these seven nutrients by tomato was generally in the order GW ≥ TW > HC ≥ LC. GW irrigated plants had the highest concentration of P, Na and Fe which were 39-85% higher than the TW irrigated plants. Compared with tap water irrigated plants, greywater irrigated plants removed only 6% excess B, but substantially greater quantity of Na (83%) and Fe (86%). These results suggest that laundry greywater has a promising potential for reuse as irrigation water to grow tomato.

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Section: Plant Growth Response To Nutrients and Surfactants In Irrigamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse potential of laundry greywater for irrigation based on growth, water and nutrient use of tomato

Misra

Patel

Baxi

2010

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Several studies have shown relatively rapid degradation of LAS and NP. Reported half‐lives for LAS range from 3 d in a lysimeter study using a sandy soil (Küchler and Schnaak, 1997) to 7 to 22 d in a study of a large variety of field soils (Holt et al, 1989). Half‐lives for NP have been determined to be 20 d in a laboratory study (Staples et al, 1999) and 4.5 to 16.7 d in a study with six different soils (Topp and Starratt, 2000).…”

Section: Selected Physicochemical Properties For Linear Alkylbenzene mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most field experiments have focused on degradation of the surfactants in the top layer of soils and few have studied transport of the surfactants through the soil profile to drains or ground water. In existing studies of the leaching of LAS, the surfactant has been applied to the soil dissolved in either water or methanol and in high concentrations (Küchler and Schnaak, 1997; Ou et al, 1999). No studies have investigated leaching of LAS applied with sewage sludge and with the soil grown with crops.…”

Section: Selected Physicochemical Properties For Linear Alkylbenzene mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and Mobility of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Nonylphenol in Sludge‐Amended Soil

2004

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Degradation and mobility of the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and nonylphenol (NP) were investigated in a lysimeter study using a sandy loam soil and 45-cm soil columns. Anaerobically digested sewage sludge was incorporated in the top-15-cm soil layer to an initial content of 38 mg LAS and 0.56 mg NP kg(-1) dry wt., respectively. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was sown onto the columns. The lysimeters were placed outdoors and therefore received natural precipitation, but were also irrigated to a total amount of water equivalent to 700 mm of precipitation. Leachate and soil samples from three soil layers were collected continuously during a growth period of 110 d. Leachate samples and soil extracts were concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The concentrations in the top-15-cm soil layer declined to 25 and 45% of the initial contents for LAS and NP, respectively, within the first 10 d of the study. At the end of the study, less than 1% LAS was left, while the NP content was below the detection limit. Assuming first-order degradation kinetics, half-lives of 20 and 37 d were estimated for LAS and NP, respectively. The surfactants were not measured in leachate samples in concentrations above the analytical detection limits of 4.0 and 0.5 microg L(-1) for LAS and NP, respectively. In addition, neither LAS nor NP were measured in concentrations above the detection limits of 150 and 50 microg kg(-1) dry wt., respectively, in soil layers below the 15 cm of sludge incorporation, indicating negligible downward transport of the surfactants in the lysimeters.

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“…For sample treatment, the Soxhlet technique [5][6][7]14,18,28] and ultrasonic extraction [10,11,29] have been widely used in the determination of LAS in environmental samples. Nevertheless, these methodologies present several disadvantages, such as the high extraction time for Soxhlet (8-24 h) or the large volumes of solvents needed ($200 ml for Soxhlet and 50-150 ml for ultrasound).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix effect study in the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sewage sludge samples

Cantarero

Zafra-Gómez

Ballesteros

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We propose a study of the matrix effect in the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in sewage sludge samples. First, a rapid, selective and sensitive method is proposed. The method involves two stages: the extraction of the compound from the samples and analysis by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Three different techniques of extraction (microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet, and ultrasounds) were compared, and microwave-assisted extraction was selected as the best suited for our purpose. Microwave-assisted extraction allows reducing the extraction time (25 min compared with 12 h for conventional Soxhlet extraction) and solvent waste (25 ml of methanol compared with 200 ml for Soxhlet or more than 50 ml for the ultrasonic procedure). Absence of matrix effect was evaluated with two standards (2ØC(8:0) and 2ØC(16:0) ) that are not commercial; therefore, neither of them was detected in sewage sludge samples and they showed similar environmental behavior (adsorption and precipitation) to LAS (C(11:0) -C(13.0) ), which allow us to evaluate the matrix effect. Validation was carried out by a recovery assay, and the method was applied to samples from different sources; therefore, they had different compositions.

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Behaviour of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS) in sandy soils with low amounts of organic matter

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Reuse potential of laundry greywater for irrigation based on growth, water and nutrient use of tomato

Reuse potential of laundry greywater for irrigation based on growth, water and nutrient use of tomato

Degradation and Mobility of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Nonylphenol in Sludge‐Amended Soil

Matrix effect study in the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sewage sludge samples

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