Behaviour of postnatally growth-impaired mice during malnutrition and after partial weight recovery

Huber, R.; Kolb, Andreas; Lillico, Simon; Carlisle, Ailsa J; Sandøe, Peter; Sørensen, Dorte Bratbo; Remuge, Liliana; Whitelaw, Bruce; Olsson, I. Anna S.

doi:10.1179/1476830512y.0000000038

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…From the early days of this research field, the majority of effort has been to develop livestock as animal bioreactors of biomedical proteins (Clark et al 1989). This goal is still actively pursued and has been the focus of numerous reviews (Wilmut & Whitelaw, 1994; Lubon et al 1996; Houdebine, 2000; Kind & Schnieke, 2008; Cooper et al 2015). Given the advent of new tools to engineer the genome of livestock we believe the opportunity to engineer milk proteins is likely to re-emerge.…”

Section: What Is Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically engineering milk

Whitelaw

Joshi

Kumar

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Research

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It has been thirty years since the first genetically engineered animal with altered milk composition was reported. During the intervening years, the world population has increased from 5bn to 7bn people. An increasing demand for protein in the human diet has followed this population expansion, putting huge stress on the food supply chain. Many solutions to the grand challenge of food security for all have been proposed and are currently under investigation and study. Amongst these, genetics still has an important role to play, aiming to continually enable the selection of livestock with enhanced traits. Part of the geneticist's tool box is the technology of genetic engineering. In this Invited Review, we indicate that this technology has come a long way, we focus on the genetic engineering of dairy animals and we argue that the new strategies for precision breeding demand proper evaluation as to how they could contribute to the essential increases in agricultural productivity our society must achieve.

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Section: What Is Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically engineering milk

Whitelaw

Joshi

Kumar

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…[20] We have shown that inactivation of the α-casein gene in mice reduces milk protein synthesis significantly, but is compatible with pup survival and development. [21,22] A naturally occurring mutation of the α-casein gene in goats is compatible with normal milk production. [23] This demonstrates that caseins have different functional roles in casein micelle formation and milk protein secretion and that these roles vary across species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Site specific insertion of a transgene into the murine α‐casein (CSN1S1) gene results in the predictable expression of a recombinant protein in milk

Knowles,

Petrie,

Warren

et al. 2024

Biotechnology Journal

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Gene loci of highly expressed genes provide ideal sites for transgene expression. Casein genes are highly expressed in mammals leading to the synthesis of substantial amounts of casein proteins in milk. We have assessed the α‐casein (CSN1S1) gene as a site of transgene expression in transgenic mice and a mammary gland cell line. A transgene encoding an antibody light chain gene (A1L) was inserted into the α‐casein gene using sequential homologous and site‐specific recombination.Expression of the inserted transgene is directed by the α‐casein promoter, is responsive to lactogenic hormone activation, leads to the synthesis of a chimeric α‐casein/A1L transgene mRNA and secretion of the recombinant A1L protein into milk. Transgene expression is highly consistent in all transgenic lines, but lower than that of the α‐casein gene (4%). Recombinant A1L protein accounted for 0.5% and 1.6% of total milk protein in heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice, respectively.The absence of the α‐casein protein in homozygous A1L transgenic mice leads to a reduction of total milk protein and delayed growth of the pups nursed by these mice.Overall, the data demonstrate that the insertion of a transgene into a highly expressed endogenous gene is insufficient to guarantee its abundant expression.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Behaviour of postnatally growth-impaired mice during malnutrition and after partial weight recovery

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Genetically engineering milk

Genetically engineering milk

Site specific insertion of a transgene into the murine α‐casein (CSN1S1) gene results in the predictable expression of a recombinant protein in milk

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