Behaviour of Turbidity Maxima in the Tamar (U.K.) and Weser (F.R.G.) Estuaries

Grabemann, Iris; Uncles, R.J.; Krause, Günther; Stephens, John A.

doi:10.1006/ecss.1996.0178

Cited by 129 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…The sediment transported into the PRE is mainly accumulated from the four river outlets (Hu Men, Jiao Men, Hongqi Men, and Heng Men). The distribution of grain size is controlled by the physical transportation of sediment, including sediment aggregation and deposition, gravitational circulation, tidal pumping, and tidal trapping (Grabemann et al, 1997;Mitchell et al, 1998;Wai et al, 2004). Sediment aggregation and deposition are influenced by current velocity, salinity, and suspended particulate matter in the water column.…”

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The re-suspension will continue until the limited stockpile of easily eroded particles is depleted (Grabemann et al, 1997). The ebb tidal flow generally spreads south-west from the upstream area to the mouth of the PRE (Chau and Jiang, 2001).…”

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the trace metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) were accumulated in the sediment at the freshwater-saltwater interface. Some studies have found that the suspended solids near the mouth of an estuary generally have higher concentrations of trace metal than in the turbidity zones of the middle estuary (Elbaz-Poulichet et al, 1984;Grabemann et al, 1997;Guieu et al, 1998). The elevated concentrations of trace metals in the mouth of an estuary may be attributed to the mixing of river suspension and marine suspension, and a large proportion of particulate matter could be trapped in the mixing zone (Elbaz-Poulichet et al, 1984;Guieu et al, 1998;Chester, 2000;DeFalco et al, 2003).…”

Section: Chemical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Zhang

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

455

149

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In the present study, surface sediments and sediment cores were collected at the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its surrounding coastal area. The samples were analysed for total metal concentrations, metal concentrations in the five operationally defined chemical fractions, and Pb isotopic compositions. The concentrations of Co, Cr, Pb, and Zn of the sediments in the PRE were about twice of those at the adjacent coastal area, while the Cu concentrations of the PRE sediments were four times higher than the sediments at the coastal area. The distribution of Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from the land to the direction of the sea. Two hotspots of trace metal contamination were located at the mixed zone between freshwater and marine waters. The distribution of trace metals in sediments showed that the major sources of metal contaminants were probably from the discharges of sewage and other outlets in the west bank of the estuary. The enrichment of metal in the sediments could be attributed to the deposition of the dissolved and particulate trace metals in the water column at the estuarine area. The similar Pb isotopic signatures of the sediments at the PRE and its surrounding coastal area offered strong evidence that the This is the Pre-Published Version.

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Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Transportation Of Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Zhang

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

455

149

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“…Two superimposed cycles of sedimentation and resuspension coexist: neap tides are sedimentation periods, whereas spring tides are dominated by erosion (15-d lunar cycle). Moreover, high-and low-water slacks are sedimentation periods, whereas midebb and midflood are erosion periods (semidiurnal cycle) (Inglis and Allen 1957;Allen et al 1980;Le Hir and Karlikow 1991;Parker et al 1994;Reed and Donovan 1994;Grabemann et al 1997). During neap-tide minimum energy periods, surface turbidities are considerably lower, and hyperconcentrated benthic layers (named ''fluid mud'' by Inglis and Allen 1957) accumulate on the bottom.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxic/anoxic oscillations and organic carbon mineralization in an estuarine maximum turbidity zone (The Gironde, France)

Abril

Etcheber

Hir³

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

152

121

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The study of vertical particle dynamics in the highly turbid Gironde Estuary has shown intense cycles of sedimentation and resuspension at both diurnal and neap-spring time scales. Fluid mud, with suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations between 50 and 500 g liter ) preferentially reworked at the neap-spring time scale. Due to the alternation of sedimentation and resuspension periods, most of the sediment experienced oxic/anoxic oscillations throughout the neap-spring cycle. Fluid mud resuspension occurred without any observable incidence on the surface-water oxygenation. An increase in total alkalinity was found in the fluid mud, due to both anaerobic respiration and a carbonate dissolution coupled to aerobic respiratory CO 2 generation. This phenomenon significantly affected the inorganic carbon budget of the estuary, increasing the HCO input to the coastal ocean and reducing the CO 2 flux to the atmosphere. An Ϫ 3 accumulation of labile-dissolved organic carbon observed in the fluid mud suggests that these oscillations result in an acceleration of particulate organic matter (POM) decomposition. In the Gironde MTZ, a net loss of refractory land-derived POM occurs. This system acts as an efficient oxic/suboxic ''fluidized bed reactor,'' similar to mobile deltaic muds.Understanding processes affecting carbon distribution through estuaries is of major importance for a better assessment of the contribution of world rivers to the carbon budget of the coastal ocean. The influence of tides in macrotidal estuaries increases the residence times of both water and 1 Present address: Université de Liège, Mécanique des Fluides Géophysiques, Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Institut de Physique (B5), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium. AcknowledgmentsThis work has been funded by the European Commission in the framework of the Biogest project (ENV4-CT96-0213); this is a contribution of the Eloise Projects network. It was also supported by the URM 13 project, linking IFREMER and the University of Bordeaux I.-DGO-UMR 5805. Fieldwork was carried out onboard the RV Gwen Drez (IFREMER, France), the RVs Côte d'Aquitaine and Côte de la Manche (INSU, France), and the RV Belgica (Belgium); we thank captains and crews. A. De Resseguier (DGO) built the fluid mud sampler and was present on the field for sampling assistance. We are grateful to P. Castaing and A. Sottolichio (DGO) for help in using the OBS and to A. V. Borges (University of Liège)

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“…At semidiurnal tidal scale, suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration varies under the effect of following erosion/deposition fluxes, which are governed by ebb/flood currents alternating with water slack periods (Grabemann, Uncles, Krause, & Stephens, 1997). At decreasing tidal ranges, decreasing velocities promote higher TMZ particles deposition flux, leading to the formation of fluid mud layers on the bottom (Allen, Salomon, Bassoullet, Du Penhoat, & Grandpré, 1980;Parker, Marshall, & Parfitt, 1994).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf litter degradation in highly turbid transitional waters: preliminary results from litter-bag experiments in the Gironde Estuary

et al. 2014

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The rates of decomposition of oak (Quercus robur) leaves have been examined using litter bags in a very high turbidity macrotidal estuary, the Gironde Estuary (S.W. France). The first experiments show a marked decrease in the decomposition rate of oak leaves at the water-sediment interface (mud-contact: anoxic conditions, reduced physical fragmentation) in comparison to the water column. The results point out the impact of hydrodynamic conditions on leaf litter degradation in such fluvio-estuarine systems. Regarding the aquatic-terrestrial linkage, our observations suggest direct changes in leaf decomposition kinetics and then, a potential delay on the recycling and transport processes of coarse particulate organic matter, especially in a context of modification of the natural water flow, due to global and land use changes.

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Behaviour of Turbidity Maxima in the Tamar (U.K.) and Weser (F.R.G.) Estuaries

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

Oxic/anoxic oscillations and organic carbon mineralization in an estuarine maximum turbidity zone (The Gironde, France)

Leaf litter degradation in highly turbid transitional waters: preliminary results from litter-bag experiments in the Gironde Estuary

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