Behavioural and neuroinflammatory effects of the combination of binge ethanol and MDMA in mice

Abstract

Ethanol and MDMA co-administration increases the neurobehavioural changes induced by the consumption of each one of these drugs. However, as ethanol consumption did not increase neuroinflammatory responses induced by MDMA, other mechanisms, mediated by ethanol, are likely to account for this effect and need to be evaluated.

Memory impairment and hippocampus specific protein oxidation induced by ethanol intake and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice

“…), the first injection at the beginning of the 4‐h DID procedure and the second two hours later, as previously described (Ros‐Simó et al . ).…”

“…Food and water were available ad libitum except when water was substituted for ethanol for 2 or 4 h per day according to drinking in the dark (DID) procedure, as previously described by our team (Ros‐Simó et al . ) with a few modifications from the original procedure (Rhodes et al . ).…”

“…; Ros‐Simó et al . ), increase reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage (Busceti et al . ; Alves et al .…”

Maternal separation induces neuroinflammation and long-lasting emotional alterations in mice

“…We evaluated the presence of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) in microglia by immunofluorescence using rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba1 staining (1:300; Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan), as previously reported (Ros-Simo et al, 2012;Tourino et al, 2010). Mice were anesthetised with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (100 and 20 mg/kg, respectively), and perfused transcardially with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) containing 4% paraformaldehyde.…”

“…Animals were evaluated for spontaneous activity, as previously described (Ros-Simo et al, 2012): horizontal (deambulations) and vertical (rearings) movements were recorded automatically for 20 min on PD31-33 and PD91-93 respectively using locomotor activity boxes (24 x 24 x 24 cm) (LE8811 IR, Panlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain) in a low luminosity room (20 lx) with white noise.…”