Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic

Pawlik, Alfred

doi:10.1353/asi.2012.0004

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A technological comparison with assemblages recovered from several other Holocene caves and rock-shelters in central Palawan, such as Guri and Pilanduk (Fox 1970;1978;Kress 1979;Pawlik & Ronquillo 2003), suggests continuation of identical traditions from the Late Pleistocene into the Holocene, without any obvious innovation. Similar simple unretouched flakes have been identified in Ille Cave, northern Palawan, dating to the Terminal Pleistocene and Early to Mid Holocene (Lewis et al 2008;Pawlik 2012;Szabó et al 2004), in Late Pleistocene deposits at Callao Cave in Northern Luzon, dated on charcoal to c. 30,000 cal. bp (Mijares 2007), and at the nearby Minori (Mijares 2002) and Vito (Fuentes 2015) Caves, dating to c. 5500-5000 cal.…”

Section: Lithic Technologiessupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Residues of tree resins on the implements from Ille are also similar in morphology to the resinous adhesives applied to the composite artefacts from Niah (Barton et al 2009;Pawlik 2012). Simple flakes were also used to process red pigments and resins (Pawlik 2012), and to work with resinous wood or pieces of tree resin (Reynolds et al 2013, 155). Interestingly, also in Ille, a mixture of red pigment and resin was used as appliqué on Conus shell discs dated to 4800-4200 cal.…”

Section: Lithic Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Philippines fromc.14,000 to 4,000 cal.bpin Regional Context

Pawlik¹,

Piper

2018

CAJ

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In this paper, we review the current Philippine archaeological record between c. 14,000 and 4000 cal. bp in the context of our developing understanding of human adaptation to post-glacial environments at the end of the Pleistocene, and the cultural and technological changes that were occurring across Southeast Asia during this period. Due to their location at the northwestern fringes of Wallacea, close proximity to Borneo and Taiwan, and the long Palawan coastline bordering the southern margins of the South China Sea, the Philippines have likely acted as a conduit for the movements of people, material culture and ideas between the islands of Southeast Asia throughout prehistory. Current research suggests that the Philippines were possibly embedded in larger maritime networks from the Late Pleistocene onwards. This appears to have been a period of significant social change and technological innovation, as illustrated by the appearance of new organic and inorganic technologies and the emergence of diverse burial traditions across Southeast Asia. These included sophisticated fishing strategies, techniques of hafting and composite tool production, and long-distance interaction across the Philippine archipelago and Island Southeast Asia perhaps as far as Near Oceania.

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Section: Lithic Technologiessupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Lithic Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Philippines fromc.14,000 to 4,000 cal.bpin Regional Context

Pawlik¹,

Piper

2018

CAJ

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“…Technology in this region is often labeled as informal and even expedient, without any preparations as opposed to curated tools [80], and not exhibiting any visible development. From the stone tool assemblages of the late Pleistocene, the lack of diagnostic features carried on even until the late Holocene and historical periods [81][82][83][84][85][86]. In general, results from a techno-typological approach may therefore not reflect the actual level of technological development in the region and thus other approaches are deemed necessary.…”

Section: Development Of Lithic Technology and Lithic Tool Use In Islamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although stone tool assemblages in ISEA are generally characterized by the production and use of unretouched flake tools, it does not necessarily mean that the prehistoric technology in the region was less complex. In several sites in ISEA, the existence of composite technologies have been identified that employed unretouched flakes by attaching them as insets to shafts with the aid of resinous adhesives, for hunting weapons and also for tools with handles such as knives [32,86,92]. This is another example when a microscopic approach is particularly suitable for addressing current issues in understanding the prehistoric lithic technology of ISEA [32,38,86,93].…”

Section: Development Of Lithic Technology and Lithic Tool Use In Islamentioning

confidence: 99%

Island Migration, Resource Use, and Lithic Technology by Anatomically Modern Humans in Wallacea

Ono¹,

Pawlik²,

Fuentes³

2020

Pleistocene Archaeology - Migration, Technology, and Adaptation

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Island migration and adaptation including both marine and terrestrial resource use and technological development by anatomically modern humans (AMH) are among the most significant issues for Pleistocene archaeology in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and directly related to the behavioral and technological advancements by AMH. This paper discusses such cases in the Wallacean islands, located between the past Sundaland and the Sahul continent during the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene open sea gaps between the Wallacean islands and both landmasses are very likely the major factor for the relative scarcity of animal species originating from Asia and Oceania and the high diversity of endemic species in Wallacea. They were also a barrier for hominin migration into the Wallacean islands and Sahul continent. We summarize three recent excavation results on the Talaud Islands, Sulawesi Island and Mindoro Island in Wallacea region and discuss the evidence and timeline for migrations of early modern humans into the Wallacean islands and their adaptation to island environments during the Pleistocene.

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“…They note that the Philippine archipelago seems to have been part of a vast maritime network connecting Southeast Asia to Near Oceania, as evidenced by common shell and lithic technologies (i.e. Barton et al, 2009;Mijares, 2006;Neri et al, 2015;Pawlik, 2012;Pawlik et al, 2015) and shared complex burial traditions, including secondary inhumations and cremations (i.e. Detroit, 2006;Lara et al, 2013Lara et al, , 2016Lewis et al, 2008;O'Connor et al, 2017;Szabó et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological and historical insights into the ecological impacts of pre-colonial and colonial introductions into the Philippine Archipelago

et al. 2020

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The tropical forests of the Philippine Archipelago are some of the most threatened in the 21st century. Among the most prominent threats are the introduction of new plant and animal species, as well as new forms of land management (e.g. plantations), that have accompanied industrial expansion. Such threats have a potentially long-term history and prehistory in the Philippines, not just as a consequence of Spanish colonial administration and land-use changes from the 16th century, but also in the context of pre-colonial introductions of rice agriculture and domesticated animals. However, the impacts of such arrivals on local Philippine societies and ecologies have remained relatively unexplored, especially in comparison to contemporary exchanges between Europe and the Neotropics. Here, we evaluate archaeological and historical evidence for the integration of novel plants, animals and economic strategies into local Philippine cultures and economies from 4000 years ago to the 19th century AD. This includes material culture, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analysis, as well as archival references to pre- and post-colonial urban settlements, the evolution of land management and rural settlements across the Archipelago. We argue that prehistoric land-use changes, as well as the colonial introduction of crops and domesticated animals, represent a potentially interesting contrast to other tropical regions that came under Spanish imperial control between the 15th and 19th centuries. Nevertheless, to determine the full extent of their impacts on social organisation and Philippine landscapes more detailed, long-term multidisciplinary investigation is required.

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Behavioural Complexity and Modern Traits in the Philippine Upper Palaeolithic

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

The Philippines fromc.14,000 to 4,000 cal.bpin Regional Context

The Philippines fromc.14,000 to 4,000 cal.bpin Regional Context

Island Migration, Resource Use, and Lithic Technology by Anatomically Modern Humans in Wallacea

Archaeological and historical insights into the ecological impacts of pre-colonial and colonial introductions into the Philippine Archipelago

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