Beijing’s 50 million new urban trees: Strategic governance for large-scale urban afforestation

Yao, Na; Bosch, Cecil C. Konijnendijk van den; Yang, Jun; Devisscher, Tahia; Wirtz, Zach; Jia, Liming; Duan, Jie; Ma, Lvyi

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126392

Cited by 89 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…and Populus spp. (Yao et al, 2019). For comparative purposes, the sampling location can be described as an "urban background" site with respect to ambient concentrations for central Beijing with the main sampling inlet being significantly elevated above ground level.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported VOC concentrations in Beijing, identifying alkanes, aromatics and oxygenated VOCs (Shao et al, 2009;Yuan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2015). Comparison of air pollutant emissions between megacities (Parrish et al, 2009) showed that gasoline-fuelled vehicles were a major source of hydrocarbon emission, and in countries such as China industrial sources may also have a strong influence on hydrocarbon emission (von Schneidemesser et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were recorded in two field campaigns in central Beijing as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH) project. These data were used to calculate, for the first time in Beijing, the surface–atmosphere fluxes of VOCs using eddy covariance, giving a top-down estimation of VOC emissions from a central area of the city. The results were then used to evaluate the accuracy of the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). The APHH winter and summer campaigns took place in November and December 2016 and May and June 2017, respectively. The largest VOC fluxes observed were of small oxygenated compounds such as methanol, ethanol + formic acid and acetaldehyde, with average emission rates of 8.31 ± 8.5, 3.97 ± 3.9 and 1.83 ± 2.0 nmol m−2 s−1, respectively, in the summer. A large flux of isoprene was observed in the summer, with an average emission rate of 5.31 ± 7.7 nmol m−2 s−1. While oxygenated VOCs made up 60 % of the molar VOC flux measured, when fluxes were scaled by ozone formation potential and peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) formation potential the high reactivity of isoprene and monoterpenes meant that these species represented 30 % and 28 % of the flux contribution to ozone and PAN formation potential, respectively. Comparison of measured fluxes with the emission inventory showed that the inventory failed to capture the magnitude of VOC emissions at the local scale.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing

et al. 2020

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“…As a consequence, forest patches within cities are of increasing importance for biodiversity conservation [4,5] and are highly valued by urban dwellers due to their contribution to liveable cities and the wealth of associated ecosystem services they bring [6][7][8][9]. Complementing the urban green infrastructure with new forests is thus a timely challenge for cities around the globe [8,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Urban Forests: Opportunities for Promoting the Wild Side of the Urban Green Infrastructure

et al. 2019

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Many cities aim to increase urban forest cover to benefit residents through the provision of ecosystem services and to promote biodiversity. As a complement to traditional forest plantings, we address opportunities associated with “emerging urban forests” (i.e., spontaneously developing forests in cities) for urban biodiversity conservation. We quantified the area of successional forests and analyzed the species richness of native and alien plants and of invertebrates (carabid beetles, spiders) in emerging forests dominated by alien or native trees, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer platanoides, and Betula pendula. Emerging urban forests were revealed as shared habitats of native and alien species. Native species richness was not profoundly affected by the alien (co-)dominance of the canopy. Instead, native and alien plant species richnesses were positively related. Numbers of endangered plants and invertebrates did not differ between native- and alien-dominated forest patches. Patterns of tree regeneration indicate different successional trajectories for novel forest types. We conclude that these forests (i) provide habitats for native and alien species, including some endangered species, (ii) allow city dwellers to experience wild urban nature, and (iii) support arguments for adapting forests to dynamic urban environments. Integrating emerging urban forests into the urban green infrastructure is a promising pathway to sustainable cities and can complement traditional restoration or greening approaches.

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“…Interestingly enough, while comparing the efforts of reforestations in large cities of the world, the figures of Mexico City are significantly low. For example, Yao et al (2019) reported that in the city of Beijing, China, the reforestation strategy by the government involved 50 million new urban trees. Another example can be found in New York City, USA;McPhearson et al (2017) reported that the reforestation project for the American city was of at least 1 million new urban trees only for the year of 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive co-management of urban forests: monitoring reforestation programs in Mexico City

Fernández-Álvarez

Fernández-Nava

2020

polibotanica

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Aiming to maintain or increase the indispensable socio-ecological benefits provided by urban forests, cities of the world have adequate urban forestry to take advantage of new technologies and governmental arrangements. Cooperation among different actors has become a trend to address urban forests' most pressing management issues, such as reforestation monitoring and the creation of tree inventories. This management approach has been conceptualized as adaptive comanagement (ACM) in European and North American cities. Intending to advance the academic efforts to understand ACM, this article presents a spatial and statistical analysis of the distribution of trees monitored in Mexico City. The analysis indicated that the number of urban trees monitored is very low and inequitably distributed in the city; poor areas of the city are not only underserved of green public spaces and trees but have also been neglected in terms of monitoring reforestation programs. The implementation of ACM for environmental management of the urban forest, using the participatory tool of Naturalista, developed by (in Spanish, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, CONABIO). The tool demonstrated to have much potential in the operationalization of inclusive reforestation programs, particularly in monitoring urban trees recently planted. The implementation of ACM and citizens' science programs are discussed and recommended as a promising urban environmental management approach.

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Beijing’s 50 million new urban trees: Strategic governance for large-scale urban afforestation

Cited by 89 publications

References 42 publications

Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing

Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing

Emerging Urban Forests: Opportunities for Promoting the Wild Side of the Urban Green Infrastructure

Adaptive co-management of urban forests: monitoring reforestation programs in Mexico City

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