Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fraktionierten Kristallisation radioaktiver Stoffe, samt dem Versuche einer Theorie dieses Vorganges. I. Mitteilung

Chlopin, Witalius

doi:10.1002/zaac.19251430107

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Fractional crystallization in ternary systems is a nonequilibrium process. Several theoretical equations have been developed (Henderson and Kracek, 1927; Chlopin, 1925;Doerner and Hoskins, 1925) for systems in equilibrium, some of which could as well be employed for studying the nonequilibrium states encountered in fractional crystallization. Recently, Abu Elamayem (1964) has derived Equation 1for fractional crystallization of isomorphous salts in a nonequilibrium system: _ dy _ dw where w = fraction by weight of original mixture separated as crystals y = fraction by weight of less soluble salt in crystals a = fraction by weight of less soluble salt in the initial mixture K and m are constants from the semiempirical equation formulated by Hill et al (1940) for the distribution of a pair of isomorphous salts having a common ion, between solid and aqueous phases:…”

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Distribution of Isomorphous Salts Between Aqueous and Solid Phases in Fractional Crystallization. Effect of Varying Concentration of Less Soluble Salt on Distribution

Murthy¹,

Mahadevappa²

1972

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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Distribution of isomorphous salts between aqueous and solid phases in fractional crystallization was studied at different concentrations of less soluble salt in the ternary systems nickel-magnesium-ammonium sulfatewater and barium-lead nitrate-water systems. The applicability of theoretical equation developed by Abu Elamayem was investigated. Experimental results were explained by a proper choice of values for the parameters in Abu Elamayem's equation. These parameters characterize a given system over a wide range of concentrations and can be effectively used in predicting the amount of less soluble salt crystallizing out of a ternary system.1. nickel-magnesium-ammonium sulfate-water 2. barium-lead nitrate-water

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Distribution of Isomorphous Salts Between Aqueous and Solid Phases in Fractional Crystallization. Effect of Varying Concentration of Less Soluble Salt on Distribution

Murthy¹,

Mahadevappa²

1972

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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“…where D o 2=1 is Ratner's thermodynamic co-crystallization coefficient, a is the activities of cocrystallizing salts (1) and (2) in the solid solution, a ir the activities of salts (1) and (2) If substance (2) and substance (1) are not isomorphous, formation of mixed crystal may indicate existence (beside the main crystal form of the substance (2) with the structure (II)) of the polymorphous metastable form (I) of substance (2)-isomorphous with the substance (1), having the structure (I).…”

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“…One of the most important method of preparation and purification of such substances is crystallization and the homogeneous distribution (co-crystallization) coefficient D 2/1 (Henderson-Kraček, Chlopin) [1,2] is the main indicator of its effectiveness as the method of purification. Hence its value is very useful in choosing crystallization for producing high-purity substances.…”

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Co-crystallization of trace amounts of M2+ ions with ZnSeO4·6H2O at 25°C

Smolik

Kowalik

2010

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…Several equations have been proposed for studying the distribution of salts in ternary systems under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The Berthelot-Nernst law (Chlopin, 1925) may be written as The logarithmic relation developed by Doerner and Hoskins (1925) for the coprecipitation of radium and barium chlorides with sulfuric acid is of the form…”

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Distribution of isomorphous salts between aqueous and solid phases in ternary systems

Hariharan¹,

Anandamurthy²,

Mahadevappa³

1982

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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Distribution of isomorphous salts between aqueous and solid phases in ternary systems was studied at different concentrations of less soluble salt in the systems magnesium ammonium sulfate-copper ammonium sulfate-water, ferrous ammonium sulfate-copper ammonium sulfate-water, and nickel ammonium sulfate-copper ammonium sulate-water. Applicability of the theoretical equations developed by Doerner-Hoskins, Berthelot-Nernst, and Abu Elamayem for thg separations was investigated. Experimental results were explained by a proper choice of values for the parameters Kand m in Abu Elamayem's equation. These parameters characterize a given system over a wide range of concentrations and can be effectively used in predicting the amount of less soluble salt crystallizing out of the ternary system.Rapid crystallization of a pair of isomorphous salts from an aqueous solution results in a solid solution which changes in composition continuously. A study of the distribution of salts in the resulting system is of considerable theoretical and practical interest. Nonequilibrium states result when crystallization is carried out for short periods. Several equations have been proposed for studying the distribution of salts in ternary systems under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The Berthelot-Nernst law (Chlopin, 1925) may be written as x a -x -= Dc b -c where a and b are the total amounts of original salts, x and c are the amounts (grams) in the solid phase, (a -x ) and (b -c) are the amounts in the liquid phase, and D is the distribution constant. The logarithmic relation developed by Doerner and Hoskins (1925) for the coprecipitation of radium and barium chlorides with sulfuric acid is of the form d n In -= Xlne f where e and f are the initial amounts and d and n are the final amounts of radium and barium chlorides in solution. X is a constant. Hill et al. (1940) have given a semiempirical relation governing the distribution of a pair of isomorphous salts having a common ion, between the solid and aqueous phases -K R1 R," _ -(3)where R1 and R, are the mole ratios of salts A and B in the liquid and solid phases, respectively, m is an empirical constant, and K is the distribution constant.Abu Elamayem (1964) has worked out eq 4 and 5 for fractional crystallization of isomorphous salts in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems, respectively y2w(K -1) -y[(w + a)(K -1) + 11 + Ka = 0 (4) r 1 1 where w = fraction by weight of original mixture separated as crystals, y = fraction by weight of less soluble salt in crystals, and a = fraction by weight of the less soluble salt in the original mixtures.MA and MB are the molecular weights of the two salts. K and m are constants employed in eq 3. As a special case when m = 1, eq 5 reduces to r 1 K \ a -wy -1Equations 1-4 are proposed for systems in equilibrium while eq 5 is applicable to a nonequilibrium system.The object of the present investigation was to study experimentally the distribution of a pair of isomorphous salts between aqueous and solid phases and examine the results from t...

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Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fraktionierten Kristallisation radioaktiver Stoffe, samt dem Versuche einer Theorie dieses Vorganges. I. Mitteilung

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Distribution of Isomorphous Salts Between Aqueous and Solid Phases in Fractional Crystallization. Effect of Varying Concentration of Less Soluble Salt on Distribution

Distribution of Isomorphous Salts Between Aqueous and Solid Phases in Fractional Crystallization. Effect of Varying Concentration of Less Soluble Salt on Distribution

Co-crystallization of trace amounts of M2+ ions with ZnSeO4·6H2O at 25°C

Distribution of isomorphous salts between aqueous and solid phases in ternary systems

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