Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Vorkommens und der Bedeutung der Spiegelschrift

Lochte,

doi:10.1007/bf01807829

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Therefore, a typically developing child can learn to write either toward the right or toward the left. Early researchers, such as Lochte (1896), could not statistically test the mirror writing from memory of whole words by 5-year-old children, because they could not assume children at this age knew how to write their names. In addition, Lochte used a poor situational constraint, that is, simply beginning the writing in the middle of the page.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Character Mirror Writing Versus Name Mirror W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mirror writing was first defined by Buchwald, in 1878, as “that variety of script which runs in an opposite direction to the normal, the individual letters being also reversed” (quoted in Schott, 2007, p. 5). This “new” subject attracted considerable attention between 1880 and 1920 (e.g., Fuller, 1916; Lochte, 1896), and by the late 1920s, Blom (1928) was able to review 81 English, French, and German articles on mirror writing. However, in recent decades, mirror writing has been discussed only spasmodically (Ellis, 1988), and most research has focused on pathological cases, specific populations, left-handed persons, or children with learning disabilities.…”

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Unraveling the mystery of mirror writing in typically developing children.

Fischer¹,

Tazouti²

2012

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Most studies of mirror writing have focused on specific populations (e.g., pathological cases) or conditions (e.g., right-handed individuals writing with their left hand); hence, many simple questions about mirror writing in typically developing 5-year-old children remain unanswered. The present study addresses 2 simple but important issues conceming the relation between (a) mirror copying single characters (digits and capital letters) and mirror writing the same characters from memory and (b) mirror writing single characters and mirror writing whole words (e.g., 1st name). To shed light on these issues, the authors carried out 3 experimental studies of children at écoles matemelles in France. The results offer new insights into the phenomenon of mirror writing. A copying task generated considerably fewer mirror writings than a writing-from-memory task, and there was a significant but weak correlation (r^ = .22) between single-character mirror writing and name mirror writing. Academic level correlated positively with the mirror writing of characters (rj = .15); however, it correlated more positively with correct writing (r^ = .32) and negatively with no (or other incorrect) writing (r^ = -.45). This suggests that the mirror writings may occur (depending on the context) between some other incorrect writings (or absence of writing) and correct writings in the development of almost all children. In addition, contextual or situational factors, such as the preceding writing or the position of the writing on the page, had a much stronger infiuence on mirror writing than individual factors, such as writing hand or gender. German articles on mirror writing. However, in recent decades, mirror writing has been discussed only spasmodically (Ellis, 1988), and most research has focused on pathological cases, specific populations, left-handed persons, or children with leaming disabilities. Consequently, many simple but fundamental issues about the normal development of mirror writing remain unresolved, including the relationships between tnirror copying single characters (digits and capital letters) and mirror writing the same characters from memory and between mirror writing single characters and mirror writing whole words (e.g., first name). The The authors thank M.-B. Parisot, an experienced primary school teacher who served as second judge in the coding of the writings of Experiments la and 2, and O. Bartlett, A. Breton, C. Martignon, and M. Traore, who tested the children and coded the writings in Experiment lb. We are also grateful to the participating children, parents, teachers, directors, educational advisers, and education inspectors for their cooperation.

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Section: Experiments 2: Character Mirror Writing Versus Name Mirror W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Unraveling the mystery of mirror writing in typically developing children.

Fischer¹,

Tazouti²

2012

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Spiegelschrift und Fehlhandlungen der linken Hand bei Rechtsgelähmten (Apraxie)

Fraenkel

1908

Archiv f. Psychiatrie

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Die Schrift alsHeil~ittel und der Werth der Doppel-"hirnigkeit und Doppelh~ndigkeit. Yon M~nfred 10r~enkel in Charlottenburg, (Mit Abbfldungen im Text.) Meine Herren! Der Patient~ den ich lhnen als ersten aus einer stattlicben Anzahl FMIe hier vorfiihr% hat vor 6 Jahren einen Schlag-~nfal[ auf der rechten Seite erlitten~ der sieh~ wie Sie sich ~berzeugen kSnnen~ ziemlich gut zurfiekgebildet~ so dass der Patient den rechten Arm in der Zeit wieder leidlieh bewegen gelernt hat. ich will Sie nicht des ]angen mit seiuer Leidensgeschichte bekannt machen. Die ]eichtgesteigerten Reflexe recht% die immerhin erschwer.te Beweglichkeit in den Extremitfiten, daneben die exacte Angabe des Patienten~ dass er jahrelang nach dem Insult der Spraehe verlu~tig war~ sichern die Dia-gnose~). Fordern wir den Patienten auf, seinen ~Namen und einige Zahlen zuerst mit der gel~ihmten rechten Hand zu schreiben~ so gelingt . es dem Patienten --wie Sie sich selbst ~iberzeugen --vSllig leserliel b natfirlich zittrig~ das gewfinschte auf das Papier zu malen. 1) Patient hat erst vor .9 Jahren spontan die Sprache wiedererlangt, ein Beweis for die Riohtigkeit der Gutzmann'schen Behauptung: dass die motorische Aphasie keineswegs eine sGhlechtere Prognose bietet~ als die seasorisehe.

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Die rechte hemisphäre und das handeln

Pfeifer

1922

Z. f. d. g. Ner. u. Psych.

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Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Vorkommens und der Bedeutung der Spiegelschrift

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Unraveling the mystery of mirror writing in typically developing children.

Unraveling the mystery of mirror writing in typically developing children.

Spiegelschrift und Fehlhandlungen der linken Hand bei Rechtsgelähmten (Apraxie)

Die rechte hemisphäre und das handeln

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