Belief Perseverance and Self-Defeating Behavior

Slusher, Morgan P.; Anderson, Craig A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0783-9_2

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…If you are like most people studied, you (a) have no antecedent opinion and (b) can easily think up causal stories to explain why either case would be true. In a series of studies, Anderson and colleagues examined belief perseverance about firefighting and risk preference (Anderson, 1983;Anderson, Lepper & Ross, 1980;Anderson & Sechler, 1986;Slusher & Anderson, 1989). Subjects were induced to form a theory 11 Note that, although it is consistent for an Imperial Bayesian to believe in informational encapsulation of perceptual systems, believing in full-fledged modularity would be more or less impossible.…”

Section: Belief Perseverance and Not Learning What Should Be Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system

Mandelbaum

2018

Mind & Language

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A Bayesian mind is, at its core, a rational mind. Bayesianism is thus well‐suited to predict and explain mental processes that best exemplify our ability to be rational. However, evidence from belief acquisition and change appears to show that we do not acquire and update information in a Bayesian way. Instead, the principles of belief acquisition and updating seem grounded in maintaining a psychological immune system rather than in approximating a Bayesian processor.

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Section: Belief Perseverance and Not Learning What Should Be Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system

Mandelbaum

2018

Mind & Language

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“…In the classroom, students' beliefs about themselves may also resist change (e.g., Lepper, Ross, & Lau, 1986). When such beliefs become maladaptive and self-defeating (for a review, see Slusher & Anderson, 1988), causal arguments may also be useful in efforts to alter these beliefs.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using causal persuasive arguments to change beliefs and teach new information: The mediating role of explanation availability and evaluation bias in the acceptance of knowledge.

Slusher

Anderson²

1996

Journal of Educational Psychology

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In this article processes by which causal arguments effect change in established beliefs were explored. The hypothesis that explanation availability mediates belief change in response to causal arguments was tested in 2 experiments. Persuasive communications used causal evidence, noncausal (statistical) evidence, or both to argue that AIDS is not transmissible by casual contact. Results supported the authors' hypothesis. Causal arguments produced the greatest belief change, with the effect mediated by explanation availability. Causal arguments were also less subject to evaluation bias, consistent with a cognitive interpretation of the biased assimilation phenomenon (in which evidence in favor of one's position is evaluated more favorably than evidence in opposition). Experiment 2 replicated the basic effects with dependent measures (including a measure of behavioral commitment) obtained 3 weeks after presentation of the communications. These results suggest that a causal component strengthens the educational potential of persuasive arguments.

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“…When CVE programs counter ideas, respondents may get defensive of ideas that they themselves may hold loosely. Tombs of psychological research has established the empirical problem of "belief perseverance"-"the finding that people cling to their initial beliefs more strongly than appears warranted" especially when confronted with countering evidence to the contrary (Slusher and Anderson 1989). Leon Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory also shows how individuals reject new, countering facts in order to hold onto established bonds (1962).…”

Section: Review Of Current Cve: the Ideational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combating the Cult of ISIS: A Social Approach to Countering Violent Extremism

Day

Kleinmann

2017

The Review of Faith & International Affairs

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the review of faith & international affairs | 14 programs (Wagner 2015). These student-led programs create social media and web-based platforms designed to refute and combat ideology-based radicalization. The State Department also coordinates a global engagement campaign called "Think again. Turn away." This campaign, centered around a presence on Twitter, acts as a US-funded "myth-buster," seeking out disparaging evidence that contradicts the lure of ISIS (DOS 2017). These sorts of rhetorically based programs seem to be the backbone of the US response to ISIS. The Obama Administration even created a new office to coordinate Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and Department of State's counter-ideology and counter-narrative campaigns. The Trump administration is doubling down on this joel day and scott kleinmann the review of faith & international affairs | 15

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Belief Perseverance and Self-Defeating Behavior

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system

Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system

Using causal persuasive arguments to change beliefs and teach new information: The mediating role of explanation availability and evaluation bias in the acceptance of knowledge.

Combating the Cult of ISIS: A Social Approach to Countering Violent Extremism

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