Bell’s Palsy

Vakharia, Kavita T.; Vakharia, Kalpesh T.

doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2015.08.001

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…IFNP is thought to be similar to Bell's palsy in humans, which is generally thought to be caused by facial nerve oedema induced by Herpes simplex virus type 1 . Bell's palsy is often self‐limited and has been reported to cause epiphora and pain, the pathophysiology of which is unclear. Epiphora and pain were not reported as clinical signs in our canine patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are reports of pathological changes, including Wallerian degeneration in the superficial portion of the nerve and postcontrast enhancement of affected nerves on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggesting a possible degenerative and/or inflammatory aetiology. Bell's palsy in humans, akin to canine IFNP, is thought to be induced by Herpes simplex virus . Regardless of treatment provided, dogs with IFNP are generally given a guarded prognosis for recovery as time to recovery varies from weeks to months or not at all…”

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confidence: 99%

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Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001–2016): a retrospective study

et al. 2019

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Objective This study aims to assess the incidence and causes of facial nerve paralysis (FNP) in dogs in the Sydney region. Its outcome and possible risk factors are investigated to prognosticate and aid design of diagnostic and treatment plans.Design Retrospective case study.Methods Client-owned dogs presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS), between 2001 and 2016 with FNP were included (n = 122). The incidence of each cause of FNP was investigated. A reference population of noncases seen at the UVTHS during the same time period was used to study the association between idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (IFNP) and gender, age and breed.Results IFNP (29.5%) was the most common diagnosis. Male dogs (odds ratio [OR], 2.3) had increased odds of IFNP compared with female dogs. Age was a significant risk factor for both the occurrence of FNP and IFNP. There was higher occurrence of IFNP among middle-aged dogs (5-13 years) and reduced risk in juvenile dogs (less than 2 years). Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were over-represented for FNP (OR, 6.9) and IFNP (OR, 17.5). For IFNP, 6 of 16 dogs with known follow-up showed definitive resolution within 3 years of diagnosis. Concurrent vestibular signs were common in dogs with middle/inner ear abnormality and intracranial disease; and were also seen in 50% of dogs with IFNP.Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate statistical predilections in age, gender and breed for IFNP. Guarded prognosis for recovery should be given to dogs diagnosed with IFNP and supportive management instigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001–2016): a retrospective study

et al. 2019

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“…We call this discrepancy the sensory-motor mismatch. Compared to other conditions such as Parkinson's disease, BP has fewer complications, fewer or no medications, and importantly, no effect on the dopamine system, thereby allowing researchers to explore the physiological function of the striatum following peripheral nerve injury ( Vakharia and Vakharia, 2016 ). BP offers an ideal model to investigate how the striatum modulates motor function following peripheral nerve injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted functional connectivity of striatal sub-regions in Bell's palsy patients

Song

Cao

Lang

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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The striatum plays an important role in controlling motor function in humans, and its degeneration has the ability to cause severe motor disorders. More specifically, previous studies have demonstrated a disruption in the connectivity of the cortico-striatal loop in patients suffering from motor disorders caused by dopamine dysregulation, such as Parkinson's disease. However, little is known about striatal functional connectivity in patients with motor dysfunction not caused by dopamine dysregulation. In this study, we used early-state Bell's palsy (BP) patients (within 14 days of onset) to investigate how functional connectivity between the striatum and motor cortex is affected by peripheral nerve injury in which the dopamine system remains fully functional. We found a significant increase in the connectivity between the contralateral putamen, and the ipsilateral primary sensory (S1) and motor cortex (M1) in BP patients compared to healthy controls. We also found increased connectivity between the ventral striatum and supplementary motor area (SMA), and the dorsal caudate and medial prefrontal lobe in BP patients compared to healthy controls. Our results demonstrate that the entirety of the striatum is affected following acute peripheral nerve injury, and suggests that this disrupted striatal functional connectivity may reflect a compensatory mechanism for the sensory-motor mismatch caused by BP.

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“…Diagnosing lagophthalmos in the primary care setting can be difficult as one must consider and eliminate the more sinister aetiologies of this condition. The most prevalent diagnosis is that of Bell’s palsy, however, as a clinical diagnosis of exclusion, physicians in the primary care setting with limited immediate access to diagnostic resources may feel uncomfortable making this judgement without further investigation [ 3 , 4 ]. Referral to specialist tertiary services should always be considered however many practical steps can be taken to prevent damage to the cornea during this vulnerable time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of external eyelid weights in acute facial palsy: functional and aesthetic considerations

Shanmuganathan

Kethees

Chang

et al. 2018

Oxford Medical Case Reports

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PurposePatients with acute paralytic lagophthalmos are at high risk for ocular surface breakdown due to exposure. External eyelid weights are a temporary solution for paralytic lagophthalmos that aim to reduce exposure and optimize blink excursion. Despite easy application and high efficacy, this product is under-utilized in clinical practice with few physicians employing this treatment adjunct.ResultsOcular surface health was maintained in all patients, and overall aesthetic satisfaction was high.ConclusionExternal eyelid weights are a valuable adjunct in the treatment of facial palsy but are under-utilized in clinical practice. This article highlights the benefits of external eyelid weights as an accessible adjunct to restore eyelid function and maintain cosmesis. The device can be implemented without specialist involvement and adds a dimension of independence for general practitioners to manage ocular complications of facial palsy.

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Bell’s Palsy

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001–2016): a retrospective study

Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001–2016): a retrospective study

Disrupted functional connectivity of striatal sub-regions in Bell's palsy patients

The role of external eyelid weights in acute facial palsy: functional and aesthetic considerations

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