Bempedoic acid and its role in contemporary management of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerosis

Tummala, Ramyashree; Gupta, Manasvi; Devanabanda, Arvind Reddy; Bandyopadhyay, Dhrubajyoti; Aronow, Wilbert S.; Ray, Kausik K.; Mamas, Mamas A.; Ghosh, Raktim

doi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2059559

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is primarily brought on by too many lipids or fats in the blood and is regarded as a significant risk factor for heart disease and atherosclerosis. 45,46 Although there are medications available to treat hyperlipidemia, including HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, fibrates, niacin, and bile acid-binding resins, they come with a number of negative effects. 47 Therefore, herbal treatments for hyperlipidemia are increasingly popular since they have less side effects, are less expensive, are simpler to get, and are safe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart

Palabıyık

Sulumer

Uguz

et al. 2022

J of Molecular Recognition

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Atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment are both influenced by hyperlipidemia. Due to their high margin of safety and low cost, natural chemicals have recently attracted particular attention in the context of the treatment of disease. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible amendatory impact of ethanol extract walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat (E‐WSC) on some metabolic enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase‐1 (PON1), aldose reductase (AR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) activity in the liver, kidney, and heart of rats with Triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into five groups: control group, HL‐Control group (Triton WR‐1339 400 mg/kg, i.p administered group), E‐ WSC + 150 (150 mg/kg,o.d given group), E‐ WSC + 300 (E‐ WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d given group) and HL+ E‐WSC + 300 (Group receiving E‐ WSC 300 mg/kg, o.d 30 min prior to administration of Triton WR‐1339 400 mg/kg, i.p). In HL‐Control, AR, SDH, and BChE enzyme activity was significantly increased in all tissues compared to the control, while the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. The effects of hyperlipidemia on balance were improved and alterations in the activity of the investigated metabolic enzymes were prevented by E‐WSC. As a result, promising natural compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cognitive disorders and hyperlipidemia may be found in E‐WSC powder.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart

Palabıyık

Sulumer

Uguz

et al. 2022

J of Molecular Recognition

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“…Table 1 , Table 2 and Table 3 presents studies that have investigated the effects of statins on SIRT signaling pathways ( Table 1 , Table 2 and Table 3 ). It is possible that ezetimibe and bempedoic acid might also have impacts upon inflammatory mechanisms associated with dyslipidemia [ 77 ].…”

Section: Evidence For Statins In the Regulation Of Sirtuin-mediated A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Effects of Statins on SIRT1 and Other Sirtuins in Cardiovascular Diseases

Khayatan

Razavi

Arab

et al. 2022

Life

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Adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, such as sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke, are often catastrophic. Statins are frequently used to attenuate the risk of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality through their impact on lipids and they may also have anti-inflammatory and other plaque-stabilization effects via different signaling pathways. Different statins, including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, and simvastatin, are administered to manage circulatory lipid levels. In addition, statins are potent inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase via modulating sirtuins (SIRTs). During the last two decades, SIRTs have been investigated in mammals and categorized as a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) with significant oxidative stress regulatory function in cells—a key factor in extending cell lifespan. Recent work has demonstrated that statins upregulate SIRT1 and SIRT2 and downregulate SIRT6 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. As statins show modulatory properties, especially in CVDs, future investigations are needed to delineate the role of SIRT family members in disease and to expand knowledge about the effects of statins on SIRTs. Here, we review what is currently known about the impact of statins on SIRTs and how these changes correlate with disease, particularly CVDs.

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“…Hyperlipidemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides, is a known risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Tummala et al, 2022). Statins are widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and inhibit 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR), an enzyme involved in the presqualene pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis (Avan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergosterol increases 7‐dehydrocholesterol, a cholesterol precursor, and decreases cholesterol in human HepG2 cells

Kuwabara

Ohta‐Shimizu

Fuwa

et al. 2022

Lipids

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Current treatment approaches for hyperlipidemia rely mainly on reducing the cholesterol level by inhibiting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR), which is involved in the presqualene pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Finding a compound that instead targets the postsqualene pathway could aid in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and synergistically reduce the cholesterol level when used in conjunction with HMGCR inhibitors. Ergosterol is a fungal sterol that is converted to brassicasterol by 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). DHCR7 is also a cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, and thus ergosterol may cause the accumulation of 7‐dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3, by a competitive effect. In this study, we examined the effect of ergosterol on the postsqualene pathway by quantifying cholesterol precursors and related sterols using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and by conducting quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analysis for human HepG2 hepatoma cells. We found that ergosterol is converted into brassicasterol by the action of DHCR7 from HepG2 cells and that it induced the accumulation of cholesterol precursors (lathosterol, 7‐dehydrocholesterol, and desmosterol) and decreased the cholesterol level by altering the mRNA and protein levels of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes (increase of sterol 8,7‐isomerase [EBP] and decrease of DHCR7 and 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase [DHCR24]). These results demonstrate that ergosterol inhibits the postsqualene pathway and may be useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia.

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Bempedoic acid and its role in contemporary management of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart

Assessment of hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory properties of walnut (Juglans regia) seed coat extract and modulates some metabolic enzymes activity in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia in rat kidney, liver, and heart

Regulatory Effects of Statins on SIRT1 and Other Sirtuins in Cardiovascular Diseases

Ergosterol increases 7‐dehydrocholesterol, a cholesterol precursor, and decreases cholesterol in human HepG2 cells

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