Bending behavior of Functionally Gradient Materials

Hauke, T.; Kouvatov, A.; Steinhausen, R.; Seifert, W.; Beige, H.; Theo, Hans; Langhammer,; Abicht, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1080/00150190008008784

Cited by 67 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A typical example of exploiting such an advantage offered by graded piezoelectrics is stress-reduced bending actuators (Hauke et al 2000). In such actuators, the piezoelectric coefficients change from a high value to a low value or even to zero if a nonpiezoelectric layer is integrated.…”

Section: Different Concepts Of Piezoelectric Graded Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, samples were prepared with different thickness ratios of the piezoelectric layer (t p ) to the overall sample thickness t. The bending deflection of a one-side fixed bending actuator was measured with a capacitive displacement sensor (Hauke et al 2000). If the applied electric field is constant, the bending deflection was found at a maximum if r = t p /t = 0.5.…”

Section: Combination Of Piezoelectric and Electroconductive Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, two layers with different piezoelectric properties or with an electrode in between the layers are bonded together. It was shown that piezoelectric FGMs can reduce the mechanical stresses at the interface (Hauke et al 2000). A good performance of the bending actuator depends on the quality of the piezoelectric gradient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition Gradient Actuators

Steinhausen

Beige

2008

Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications

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Piezoelectric functionally graded materials (FGMs) are attractive alternatives to homogenous-single phase materials for actuator applications because of their reduced internal mechanical stresses and lower production costs. Furthermore, such FGM structures have increased band width if used as an ultrasonic transducer. One of the most effective ways to prepare piezoelectric and dielectric gradients based creating a gradient in chemical composition by powder processing prior to sintering. The sharp chemical interfaces between the green layers disappear because of diffusion during sintering. The chemical gradient is then transformed into a gradient in the piezoelectric properties by a poling process after sintering. Several models have been developed for the description of poling of layered systems, which is a formidable challenge. The ferroelectric properties, such as spontaneous polarization and coercive field strength, also depend on the local chemical composition. This causes an inhomogeneous electric field distribution, which is usually not stable in time because of conductive currents and space charges.In this chapter, different types of composition gradients for bending actuators are described. Combinations of hard and soft piezoelectric ceramics and electrostrictive and electroconductive materials are presented. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data for lead-free systems based on barium titanate. IntroductionFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) have a one or more dimensional gradient of at least one material property. Usually, several material properties change their values continuously in the direction of the gradient. Thus, a gradient in piezoelectric coefficients is often combined with a gradient in dielectric or elastic coefficients. Piezoelectric FGMs are suitable for applications where materials with different properties need to be mechanically connected. Thereby, residual mechanical stresses at interfaces between the different materials can be reduced. Piezoelectric FGMs with a gradient of the electromechanical properties can be used in micromechanical systems (MEMS), or as actuators for connecting piezoelectric active parts with substrates or other passive parts. In this way, reliability and lifetime of electromechanical devices can be improved. Furthermore, FGMs can be used to improve the bandwidth in ultrasonic applications (Sakamura et al. 2000).Monolithic bending actuators are a special application of piezoelectric FGMs. The bending effect strongly depends on the difference of the lateral strain at the top and the bottom surface of the actuator. Usually, two layers with different piezoelectric properties or with an electrode in between the layers are bonded together. It was shown that piezoelectric FGMs can reduce the mechanical stresses at the interface (Hauke et al. 2000). A good performance of the bending actuator depends on the quality of the piezoelectric gradient.Usually, the piezoelectric gradient in monolithic samples is obtained by creating a chemical composition gr...

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Section: Different Concepts Of Piezoelectric Graded Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combination Of Piezoelectric and Electroconductive Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition Gradient Actuators

Steinhausen

Beige

2008

Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications

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“…They assumed that the piezoelectric coefficient varies linearly along the thickness direction and other material parameters assumed to be constant. Hauke et al [16] performed an experimental study, and they showed that, compared to the homogenous beam, the deflection of an FGPM beam is only slightly smaller when beam is long; on the other hand, the internal mechanical stress is drastically reduced. Due to these advanced properties, the mechanical stresses in beams with FGPM sensors and actuators are significantly decreased [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams under Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Loads

Komeili

Akbarzadeh

Doroushi

et al. 2011

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This paper presents the analysis of static bending of beams made of functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under a combined thermo-electro-mechanical load. The Euler Bernoulli theory (EBT), first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) were employed to compare the accuracy and the reliability of each theory in applications. The material properties vary continuously through the thickness direction. The material compositions were selected from the PZT family. The governing equations were derived from Hamilton's principle and solved using the finite element method and Fourier series method. Cubic Hermit interpolation shape function was used for estimating the transverse deflection, and the linear interpolation function was used for the axial displacement and the shear rotation as well. Fourier series expansion, based on the boundary conditions, were employed to solve the governing equations analytically. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparing the results with the previous studies. Finite element results were compared with the analytical results presented in this paper. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to show the influence of the voltage, shear deformation, material composition, end supports, and the slenderness ratio on the thermo-electro-mechanical characteristic.

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“…Prednosti savitljivih FGM pokretača (prekidača) u odnosu na konvencionalno pripremljene: (1) zbog jednostavnog načina pripreme smanjena je cena njihove proizvodnje, (2) prevaziđen je problem međusobnog povezivanja slojeva slojem lepka (piezoelektrični slojevi i elektrode se kod FGM pokretača spajaju procesom sinterovanja [52]) i na taj način izbegnuta je mogućnost ljuštenja slojeva ili njihovog pucanja i (3) linearan gradijent piezoelektrične aktivnosti može da smanji mehaničko naprezanje unutar prekidača [49,60].…”

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Synthesis and characterization of BaTi1-xSnxO3 powders and multilayered ceramic materials

Marković¹

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Bending behavior of Functionally Gradient Materials

Cited by 67 publications

References 7 publications

Composition Gradient Actuators

Composition Gradient Actuators

Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams under Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Loads

Synthesis and characterization of BaTi1-xSnxO3 powders and multilayered ceramic materials

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