Beneficial effect of aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory using different behavioral models: An experimental study

Abstract

Background:In the traditional system of medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) (family: Leguminosae) have been studied for their ability to improve a variety of health ailments.Aims:The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of Gg root extract on learning and memory in 1-month-old male Wistar albino rats. Four doses (75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of root of Gg was administered orally for six successive weeks.Materials and Methods:The aqueous extracts were evaluated for their effect on spatial learning and memory in rats using the elevated plus maze, Hebb–William maze, and Morris water maze tests which served as the exteroceptive behavioral model. Diazepam-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral model.Results:Results showed that all the doses of aqueous root extract of Gg significantly enhanced the memory; however, in the doses of 150 and 225 mg/kg, it showed a significant (P < 0.01) enhancement in learning and memory. Furthermore, Diazepam-induced amnesia was reversed by the aqueous root extract of Gg (150 and 225 mg/kg, p.o.).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the memory enhancement effects of Gg may be mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, Gg appears to be a promising drug for improving memory in the management of impaired learning, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Hippocampal amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid GluA1 (AMPAGluA1) receptor subunit involves in learning and memory improvement following treatment withCentella asiaticaextract in adolescent rats

“…Memory consists of an individual's ability to record sensory stimuli, events, and information, as well as to retain this information over a short or long period of time and recall it when needed (Chakravarthi & Avadhani, 2013). Learning and memory processes involve several regions of the brain including the cortex, amygdala, cerebellum, and hippocampus.…”

“…Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge about the world and environment, whereas memory is the process of storage or retention of the acquired knowledge. Memory consists of an individual's ability to record sensory stimuli, events, and information, as well as to retain this information over a short or long period of time and recall it when needed (Chakravarthi & Avadhani, 2013).…”

“…The mechanism of memory formation involves induction of long term potentiation (LTP) and expression of synaptic plasticity in which the hippocampus is activated while processing occurs (Yolanda, Sari, Rochmah, & Suharmi, 2015). The hippocampus plays important role in spatial memory, navigation, and long-term memory (Chakravarthi & Avadhani, 2013;Shen, Sabaliauskas, Yang, Aoki, & Smith, 2017). It is a major component of the brain and consists of main subregions CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG areas which are composed of tightly packed pyramidal neurons (Cherubini & Miles, 2015).…”

The repressive effect of miR-520a on NF-κB/IL-6/STAT-3 signal involved in the glabridin-induced anti-angiogenesis in human breast cancer cells

“…9 Glabridin [GLA, (R)-4-(3,4-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl)-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b 0 ] dipyran-3yl)-1,3-benzenediol] is a polyphenolic avonoid and is a main constituent in the hydrophobic fraction of licorice extract. 9 Glabridin [GLA, (R)-4-(3,4-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl)-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b 0 ] dipyran-3yl)-1,3-benzenediol] is a polyphenolic avonoid and is a main constituent in the hydrophobic fraction of licorice extract.…”

Brain Food for Alzheimer-Free Ageing: Focus on Herbal Medicines

“…Glycyrrhiza (60-200 g/mL) contributed to the suppression of A" oligomer-induced neuronal damage, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation (Chakravarthi and Avadhani 2013;Kanno et al 2013) R. angelica sinensis (RAS); Z-Ligustilide (Lig) (Fig. 5.3) is the major constituent of the lipophilic extract of RAS Decreased A" content and deposition in SAMP8 mice (Huang et al 2008;Kuang et al 2006;Hu et al 2012b) Semen ziziphi spinosae Jujuboside A (JuA) a major hypnotic-sedative JuA has shown notable neuroprotective activities via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in dementia animals and has potential utilization for the therapeutic treatment of AD (Liu et al 2014) Radix Rhemanniae Catalpol, iridoid glycoside Catalpol reversed brain damage and memory deficits in mice; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurogenetic, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective activities (Liang et al 2009)…”