Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Kim, Ji Young; Park, Ju Yeon; Kang, Hee Jung; Kim, Oh Yoen; Lee, Jong Ho

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-47

Cited by 65 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1,2 Recent studies have reported various effects of red ginseng, including antioxidant, antitumor, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory activities. 3,4 Accumulating evidence suggests that the major pharmacologically active ingredients are ginsenosides, which have a four-ring, steroid-like structure with attached sugar moieties.…”

Section: Introduction Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Ginseng Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured Human Hair Follicles

Park

Cho

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ginseng has been shown to promote hair growth in several recent studies. However, its effects on human hair follicles and its mechanisms of action have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the hair growthpromoting effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and its ginsenosides. The proliferative activities of cultured human hair follicles treated with RGE and ginsenoside-Rb1 were assessed using Ki-67 immunostaining. Their effects on isolated human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were evaluated using cytotoxicity assays, immunoblot analysis of signaling proteins, and the determination of associated growth factors. We examined the ability of RGE and ginsenosides to protect hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation against dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced suppression and their effects on the expression of androgen receptor. The in vivo hair growth-promoting effect of RGE was also investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Both RGE and ginsenoside-Rb1 enhanced the proliferation of hair matrix keratinocytes. hDPCs treated with RGE or ginsenoside-Rb1 exhibited substantial cell proliferation and the associated phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Moreover, RGE, ginsenoside-Rb1, and ginsenoside-Rg3 abrogated the DHT-induced suppression of hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and the DHT-induced upregulation of the mRNA expression of androgen receptor in hDPCs. Murine experiments revealed that the subcutaneous injection of 3% RGE resulted in more rapid hair growth than the negative control. In conclusion, RGE and its ginsenosides may enhance hDPC proliferation, activate ERK and AKT signaling pathways in hDPCs, upregulate hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation, and inhibit the DHT-induced androgen receptor transcription. These results suggest that red ginseng may promote hair growth in humans.

show abstract

Section: Introduction Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Ginseng Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured Human Hair Follicles

Park

Cho

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was a decrease in cancer risk in chronic atrophic gastritis patients with 3 years of intervention with the Korean red ginseng extract in an 8-year follow-up study [ 22 ].Korean red ginseng powder and the 20% ethanol ginseng extract showed antioxidative effects in postmenopausal females or healthy subjects [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Analysis of Panax Ginseng in Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is one of the most frequently used herbs in the world. The roots of Panax ginseng have been used as a traditional tonic and medicine for thousands of years in Korea and China. Today, ginseng root is used as a dietary supplement and complementary medicine and for adjuvant therapeutics worldwide. The efficacy of ginseng has been studied in a wide range of basic research and clinical studies. However, it has been reported that the results from clinical studies are conflicting, and they depend on the parameters of the protocol design including the conditions of the participants and the types of ginseng used such as red ginseng, white ginseng, fermented ginseng and cultured ginseng. Meanwhile, in addition to clinical efficacy, the safety of ginseng is a highly important matter for customers. With globally increasing demand for Panax ginseng as a dietary supplement or complementary medicine, it is necessary to provide information on its safe use to customers to improve their health conditions. Although the safety of Panax ginseng in pre-clinical studies is well known, the evaluation of safety in clinical studies has so far been insufficient. This systematic review was conducted to assess the safety of ginseng in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) over the last 10 years. We chose the last 10 years because many clinical trials have been conducted in the past 10 years, and it will help to understand the recent trends in RCTs of ginseng.Methods: Articles on ginseng studies were searched with keywords in MEDLINE and four other Korean online database sites. Studies with ginseng as a monopreparation were selected while studies with single administration, preparations combined with other herbs or drug combinations were excluded from the selected studies. Data from the selected studies meeting the criteria were extracted and reviewed in terms of study design, condition and number of participants, type of ginseng, dosage, duration, main results, adverse events and adverse reactions.Results: Forty-four studies met the selection criteria. These studies covered the efficacy of ginseng in areas such as cardiovascular function, glucose metabolism, sexual function, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue and psychomotor function. Twenty-nine studies showed positive results while fifteen studies showed no effect. Sixteen studies reported adverse events while five studies had no adverse events. Twenty-three studies did not mention any adverse events. The main adverse events of ginseng reported were general symptoms such as hot flushes, insomnia and dyspepsia with no significant difference in frequency and symptoms between the ginseng and placebo groups. The symptoms were mild and temporary with no serious or severe adverse events.Conclusion: Panax ginseng showed a very safe profile in a limited number of RCTs with a small number of participants with various conditions ranging from healthy participants to patients with symptoms. However, to increase the usefulness and lower the health risk of Panax gins...

show abstract

“…Since ginseng is identified as a natural antioxidant in lab and animal researches (54), several studies examined the antioxidant effects of different types of ginseng on human or animals. However, based on the present systematic search, all the studies compared ginseng with placebo but none of them compared ginseng with other antioxidants (55)(56)(57)(58). To the best knowledge of the researchers, most of the trials were conducted on men's sexual and erectile dysfunction (41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Panax Ginseng on Menopausal Women’s Sexual Function

Ghorbani

Mirghafourvand

2018

International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Scienc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: An increase in life expectancy results in the aging population growth. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of ginseng that could be used as a herbal medicine in women with sexual dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The authors of this study searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Persian databases without a time limitation until May 2018 and examined all the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of different types of ginseng on sexual function of menopausal women as compared to the placebo controls. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The heterogeneity was determined using the I2 index. In addition, standardized mean difference (SMD) was used instead of mean differences (MD) and a random effect was reported instead of fixed effect in meta-analysis. Results: The eligibility criteria were found in five RCTs. All the included studies were placebo-controlled. Two trials had a parallel design while three studies used a crossover design. Although four trials indicated that ginseng significantly improved sexual function, they didn’t report any treatment effect compared to the placebo group. Based on the results of meta-analysis obtained from five studies including 531 women, there was no statistically significant effect of ginseng on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) compared to the placebo control group (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.76). Nonetheless, there was a considerable heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 81%; P < 0.0001). Moreover, all the included studies assessed adverse events, but in three of the RCTs, there was no significant difference between the placebo and ginseng groups. Conclusions: The evidence regarding ginseng as a therapeutic agent for sexual dysfunction is unjustifiable. Rigorous studies seem warranted in this respect.

show abstract

Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Red Ginseng Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured Human Hair Follicles

Red Ginseng Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured Human Hair Follicles

Safety Analysis of Panax Ginseng in Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review

A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Panax Ginseng on Menopausal Women’s Sexual Function

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About