Beneficial effects of physical exercise on hypertension and cardiovascular adverse remodeling of diet-induced obese rats

Pinheiro, Alessandra R.; Cunha, Ana Rosa; Águila, Márcia Barbosa; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2006.01.009

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As reviewed above, aerobic exercise produces positive affective states in laboratory animals, but the nature of these effects are less clear. Animal models of self-esteem and self-efficacy are ill-defined, but it is universally accepted that exercise is good for the well-being of laboratory animals, as indicated by measures of physical health and longevity (Goodrick, 1980; Radák et al, 2001; Pinheiro et al, 2007). Although experimental evidence will be difficult to obtain, exercise may decrease drug self-administration in animal models by producing the same positive affective states as it produces in humans.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Exercise On Drug Self-administration: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Drug Abuse: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Smith¹,

Lynch²

2012

Front. Psychiatry

126

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Epidemiological studies reveal that individuals who engage in regular aerobic exercise are less likely to use and abuse illicit drugs. Until recently, very few studies had examined the causal influences that mediate this relationship, and it was not clear whether exercise was effective at reducing substance use and abuse. In the past few years, several preclinical studies have revealed that exercise reduces drug self-administration in laboratory animals. These studies have revealed that exercise produces protective effects in procedures designed to model different transitional phases that occur during the development of, and recover from, a substance use disorder (e.g., acquisition, maintenance, escalation, and relapse/reinstatement of drug use). Moreover, recent studies have revealed several behavioral and neurobiological consequences of exercise that may be responsible for its protective effects in these assays. Collectively, these studies have provided convincing evidence to support the development of exercise-based interventions to reduce compulsive patterns of drug intake in clinical and at-risk populations.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Exercise On Drug Self-administration: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Drug Abuse: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Smith¹,

Lynch²

2012

Front. Psychiatry

126

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“…To reproduce these effects in experimental models, researchers have been using sugar- and fat-enriched dietary interventions which are referred to as hypercaloric diets (HD) [2-10]. Multiple findings have shown that hypercaloric diets are associated with endocrine disturbances, such as insulin and glucose metabolism disorders [2-9] and cardiac remodeling, substantiated by hypertrophy [2,4-8,10], interstitial fibrosis [3,5-8], and altered molecular expression of contractile proteins, including the synthesis of β-myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoforms [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive impact of saturated fatty acids on metabolic and cardiovascular profile in rats with diet-induced obesity: a canonical analysis

Oliveira

Padovani

Rodriguês

et al. 2013

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundAlthough hypercaloric interventions are associated with nutritional, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders in obesity experiments, a rational distinction between the effects of excess adiposity and the individual roles of dietary macronutrients in relation to these disturbances has not previously been studied. This investigation analyzed the correlation between ingested macronutrients (including sucrose and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) plus body adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular effects in rats with diet-induced obesity.MethodsNormotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were submitted to Control (CD; 3.2 Kcal/g) and Hypercaloric (HD; 4.6 Kcal/g) diets for 20 weeks followed by nutritional evaluation involving body weight and adiposity measurement. Metabolic and hormonal parameters included glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin. Cardiovascular analysis included systolic blood pressure profile, echocardiography, morphometric study of myocardial morphology, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression. Canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between dietary macronutrients plus adiposity and metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular parameters.ResultsAlthough final group body weights did not differ, HD presented higher adiposity than CD. Diet induced hyperglycemia while insulin and leptin levels remained unchanged. In a cardiovascular context, systolic blood pressure increased with time only in HD. Additionally, in vivo echocardiography revealed cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic performance in HD compared to CD; and while cardiomyocyte size was unchanged by diet, nuclear volume and collagen interstitial fraction both increased in HD. Also HD exhibited higher relative β-MHC content and β/α-MHC ratio than their Control counterparts. Importantly, body adiposity was weakly associated with cardiovascular effects, as saturated fatty acid intake was directly associated with most cardiac remodeling measurements while unsaturated lipid consumption was inversely correlated with these effects.ConclusionHypercaloric diet was associated with glycemic metabolism and systolic blood pressure disorders and cardiac remodeling. These effects directly and inversely correlated with saturated and unsaturated lipid consumption, respectively.

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“…However, more attention has been recently given to the development of methods to evaluate aerobic fitness on rodents through the [lac] responses to exercise. [19][20][21][22][23] Studies in animal models allow investigating the exercise responses associated with pathologies such as obesity and diabetes, [24][25][26][27] under nutrition 28 and hypertension. 29 The majority of these pathologies is related to the aging process and thus considered chronically degenerative diseases to which exercise has an important role as a non-pharmacological treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the lactate threshold and maximal blood lactate steady state intensity in aged rats

Cunha

Segundo

et al. 2009

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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The reliability of the lactate threshold (LT) determined in aged rats and its validity to identify an exercise intensity corresponding to the maximal blood lactate steady state (MLSS) were analyzed. Eighteen male aged Wistar rats (approximately 365 days) were submitted to two incremental swimming tests until exhaustion, consisting of an initial load corresponding to 1% of body mass (BM) and increments of 1% BM at each 3-min with blood lactate ([lac]) measurements. The LT was determined by visual inspection (LT(V)) as well by applying a polynomial function on the [lac]/workload ratio (LT(P)) by considering the vertices of the curve. For the MLSS, twelve animals were submitted, on different days, to 3-4 exercise sessions of 30-min with workload corresponding to 4, 5 or 6% BM. The MLSS was considered the highest exercise intensity at which the [lac] variation was not higher than 0.07 mM.min(-1) during the last 20-min. No differences were observed for the test-retest results (4.9 +/- 0.7 and 5.0 +/- 0.8 %BM for LTv; and 6.0 +/- 0.6 and 5.8 +/- 0.6 %BM for LTp) that did not differ from the MLSS (5.4 +/- 0.5 %BM). The LT identified for aged rats in swimming, both by visual inspection and polynomial function, was reliable and did not differ from the MLSS.

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Beneficial effects of physical exercise on hypertension and cardiovascular adverse remodeling of diet-induced obese rats

Cited by 37 publications

References 44 publications

Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Drug Abuse: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Drug Abuse: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Extensive impact of saturated fatty acids on metabolic and cardiovascular profile in rats with diet-induced obesity: a canonical analysis

Determination of the lactate threshold and maximal blood lactate steady state intensity in aged rats

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