Benefits of Color Coding Weapons Symbology for an Airborne Helmet-Mounted Display

Post, David L.; Geiselman, Eric E.; Goodyear, Chuck

doi:10.1518/001872099779656798

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In each part, observers viewed a representative HMD symbology that served as the target for this study (Figure 1). This symbology format is representative of a target designator box that is currently in use and has been used in several other studies (1,2). The target was displayed on a 21-inch CRT monitor (EDL Displays, Dayton OH) and viewed at a distance of three meters.…”

Section: Apparatus and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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<title>Luminance contrast requirements for colored symbols in helmet-mounted displays</title>

Havig

Heft

LaCreta

et al. 2002

Helmet- And Head-Mounted Displays VII

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and Previously, we presented an experiment in which we defined minimum, but not sufficient, luminance contrast ratios for color recognition and legibility for helmet-mounted display (HMD) use. In that experiment, observers made a subjective judgment of their ability to recognize a color by stopping the incremental increase in contrast ratio of a static display. For some target color/background combinations, there were extremely high error rates and in these cases sufficient contrast ratios were not achieved. In the present experiment, we randomly presented one of three target colors on one of five backgrounds. The contrast ratio of the target on the background ranged from 1.025:1 up to 1.3:1 in steps of 0.025 . As before, we found that observers could accurately identify the target colors at very low contrast ratios. In addition, we defined the range in which color recognition and legibility became sufficient ( 3 95% correct). In a second experiment we investigated how well observers did when more than one color appeared in the symbology at one time. This allowed observers to compare target colors against each other on the five backgrounds. We discuss our results in terms of luminance contrast ratio requirements for both color recognition as well as legibility in HMDs.14. SUBJECT TERMS luminance contrast ratio, helmet-mounted display, color recognition, legibility THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LUMINANCE CONTRAST REQUIREMENTS FOR COLORED SYMBOLS IN HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS INTRODUCTIONThe use of colored symbology in a helmet-mounted display (HMD) has the potential to give the warfighter a significant combat advantage compared to monochrome symbology (2). Unfortunately, it is not as technically easy to employ colored symbology as monochrome symbology in an HMD. Monochrome symbology can be displayed using only one phosphor and relatively high levels of luminance output can be achieved. The use of colored symbology is more complex, and may require tradeoffs in resolution and luminance (3). Since the potential use of colored HMD symbology is still in the developmental stages, it is important to establish the minimum and optimal parameters for its employment. Specific parameters that need to be addressed include luminance, contrast, and hue.In a previous experiment, we presented results from a study aimed at determining the minimum, or sufficient, luminance-contrast ratio for three symbology colors presented against five backgrou...

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Section: Apparatus and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of colored symbology in a helmet-mounted display (HMD) has the potential to give the warfighter a significant combat advantage compared to monochrome symbology (2). Unfortunately, it is not as technically easy to employ colored symbology as monochrome symbology in an HMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Luminance contrast requirements for colored symbols in helmet-mounted displays</title>

Havig

Heft

LaCreta

et al. 2002

Helmet- And Head-Mounted Displays VII

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“…3 Thus, the use of color coding enhances visual performance and can reduce operator error. 4,5 Atmospheric air comprises 20.95% oxygen by volume, whereas barometric pressure falls almost exponentially with increasing altitude, and so hypobaric (low pressure) hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) is an inevitable consequence of breathing air at ambient pressure during ascent. Investigators in various studies have examined color vision during hypoxia, to deduce the effects of acute altitude exposure, employing a variety of visual stimuli and methodologies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Hypoxia Impairs Chromatic Sensitivity in the Mesopic Range

Connolly

Barbur

Hosking

et al. 2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Although the Geiselman et al studies were effective at demonstrating the benefits of color coding, luminance and chromaticity were confounded. 29 The challenging design of the combat task pushed the pilots to high workloads and so performance effects could be identified. However these studies attribute performance enhancements solely to color, i.e.…”

Section: Application-based Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of colored conformal symbology in head-worn displays

2017

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The usage of conformal symbology in color head-worn displays (HWDs) opens up a range of new possibilities on modern flight decks. The capability of color augmentation seems especially useful for low flights in degraded visual environments. Helicopter flights in these conditions, including brownout by swirling dust or sand particles, can often lead to spatial disorientation (SD) and result in a significant amount of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). While first generation color-capable conformal displays are deployed, practical guidelines for the use of color in these see-through interfaces are yet to be established. A literature survey is carried out to analyze available knowledge of color use in conformal displays and to identify established methodologies for human-factors experimentation in this domain. Firstly the key human factors involved in color HWDs are outlined, including hardware design aspects as well as perceptual and attentional aspects. Secondly research on color perception is mapped out, focusing on investigations of luminance contrast requirements, modeling of color space blending and development of color correction solutions. Thirdly application-based research of colored conformal symbology is reviewed, including several simulations and flight experiments. Analysis shows that established luminance contrast requirements need to be validated and that performance effects of colored HWD symbology need more objective measurements. Finally practical recommendations are made for further research. This literature study has thus established a theoretical framework for future experimental efforts in colored conformal symbology. The Institute of Flight Guidance of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) anticipates conducting experiments within this framework.

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Benefits of Color Coding Weapons Symbology for an Airborne Helmet-Mounted Display

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

<title>Luminance contrast requirements for colored symbols in helmet-mounted displays</title>

<title>Luminance contrast requirements for colored symbols in helmet-mounted displays</title>

Mild Hypoxia Impairs Chromatic Sensitivity in the Mesopic Range

Review of colored conformal symbology in head-worn displays

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