Benefits of Farm Animals Genetic Adaptation: A Review

Tsegaye, Solomon; Ebrahim, Hussen

doi:10.21767/2248-9215.100063

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Animals that have evolved to survive in adverse conditions have generally high resistance to stress and longer lifespan, coupled with low metabolic rates, late maturation, smaller mature sizes, and a slower rate of development (Parsons, 1994;Hansen, 2004;Gaughan et al, 2009). This form of adaptation is influenced by genetic makeup, and it determines an animal's ability to tolerate harsh conditions such as drought, high temperature, pests, and diseases (Tsegaye and Ebrahim, 2018).…”

Section: Response Of the Animals To Stressors In Their Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing individual animal resilience to environmental disturbances to address low productivity in dairy cattle performing in sub-Saharan Africa

Oloo,

Ojango,

Ekine-Dzivenu

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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The current review examines potential solutions to enhance the sustainability and productivity of the dairy sector in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with an emphasis on breeding for resilience. Additionally, the paper explores various indicators for measuring resilience and provides insights into the data that can be utilized to quantify resilience in SSA’s dairy production systems. Dairy production contributes significantly to food and nutritional security and employment in SSA. However, besides the general lack of enabling policy and institutional environments, production is negatively affected by environmental challenges such as high temperatures and heat stress, diseases and parasites, unreliable rainfall patterns, shortages of feeds and forages and undue preference for taurine cattle breeds regardless of their poor adaptability to prevailing local conditions. Fostering the resilience capacity of dairy animals is imperative to combat climate-related adversities and maintain productivity. This can only be achieved if reliable and practical methods for quantifying and analyzing resilience in SSA are described and undertaken. This study has reviewed variance of deviations, root mean square of deviations, autocorrelation of deviations, skewness of deviations, slope of the reaction norm and its absolute value as possible indicators of resilience in SSA. While previous research has reported genetic variation and favorable correlations of these indicators with health, fitness, and fertility traits, their potential in SSA environments requires further investigation. Besides, labor- and cost-effective phenotypic data collection is essential for characterization of resilience using these indicators. Through this study, we propose frequently collected data on milk production traits, body fat-related traits, and activity patterns as suitable in the sub-Saharan Africa context. The African Asian Dairy Genetic Gains Project by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) offers a valuable opportunity to collate data from diverse dairy systems in SSA for testing the potential of these indicators. Insights from this study are helpful in improving resilience of dairy animals in SSA, which would contribute to poverty alleviation, animal welfare improvement, and better preparedness in lieu of climate change in SSA.

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Section: Response Of the Animals To Stressors In Their Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing individual animal resilience to environmental disturbances to address low productivity in dairy cattle performing in sub-Saharan Africa

Oloo,

Ojango,

Ekine-Dzivenu

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Impact of climate change on sustainable livestock production and existence of wildlife and marine species in the South Pacific island countries: a review

et al. 2020

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Thermal adaptation in Lepidoptera under shifting environments: mechanisms, patterns, and consequences

et al. 2023

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Thermal adaptation is a key facet safeguarding organismal function among ectothermic organisms. In this era of rapidly changing environments, understanding the diverse mechanisms mediating organismal climate stress resistance have become a priority given contrasting effects on organisms, vis declines in keystone species and an increase in invasive pest species. Here, we review mechanisms and patterns of thermal adaptation among shifting climates, specifically focusing on Lepidoptera, an economically significant insect order owing to its importance in agriculture and conservation. Lepidoptera are highly distinct, comprising species of diverse and unique morphology, ontogenetic development, habitat types and diets. Similarly, the diversity of adaptive responses ensuring survival under diverse thermal niches is equally remarkable. We therefore outline the mechanisms underpinning the success of Lepidoptera, mainly focusing on the important families and species which have quite attracted research attention in that order. We conclude by highlighting future studies for better understanding of lepidopteran species thermal adaptation under climate change. Understanding such adaptation will assist in accurate predictions and management of pest insect species and help conservation efforts in keystone species of the order Lepidoptera.

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Benefits of Farm Animals Genetic Adaptation: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Enhancing individual animal resilience to environmental disturbances to address low productivity in dairy cattle performing in sub-Saharan Africa

Enhancing individual animal resilience to environmental disturbances to address low productivity in dairy cattle performing in sub-Saharan Africa

Impact of climate change on sustainable livestock production and existence of wildlife and marine species in the South Pacific island countries: a review

Thermal adaptation in Lepidoptera under shifting environments: mechanisms, patterns, and consequences

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