A cross-sectional study was conducted to know fasciolosis prevalence in cattle plus identifying the risk factors associated in and around Zenzelma town, Bahir Dar Zuria woreda, west Gojam administration Zone. The study was done in 2016. Parasitological examination of feaces collected from 192 cattle and examined using fecal sedimentation technique to understand fasciolosis prevalence was done. The study observed 26% prevalence at the study area. Associated predisposing factors taken are; site, sex, breed and age did not show a significant effect for the infection to occur (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant association of fasciolosis beteween body condition of cattle's (p<0.05) in which 38.8%, 27.3% and 10.2% of prevalence obtained in poor, medium, and good body conditions respectively. It was noticed that a highest prevalence rate of 38.8% was recorded in poor body conditioned animals. The study observed that the incidence of the infection was varying between study sites (i.e. 28.7%, 22.1%) in Gediro and Sifatra respectively. The current finding shows that fasciolosis in cattle is among the most economically important parasitic disease affecting cattle and common in areas around Bahir Dar. Hence, control strategies should be designed to minimize the occurrence of the infection.

This investigation was carried out from October 2011-June 2012 to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus in milk and rate of contamination at farm and milk distribution tank in Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational Training College. Milk samples (row) were cultured on sheep blood agar and incubated. The plates were examined for gross colony morphology, pigmentation and haemolytic characteristics at 24-48 h then presumptive colonies of Staphylococcus aureus was selected and sub cultured on nutrient agar and incubated. Then, bacteria were identified according to its Gram reaction, morphology and the catalase test, tube coagulase test (4 h), haemolysis, pigment production (golden yellow), mannitol and maltose fermentation were used. A total of 170 milk sample of cow were examined for bacteriological status of S. aureus, an overall 28.2% prevalence of Staphylococcus was found. From this, 21.2% was directly from the farm and 35.3% were from milk distributing site to consumers. The total prevalence of Staphylococcus varied among the sample taking site. The prevalence of S. aureus from distributing raw milk site (35.3%) was significantly higher than the prevalence of S. aureus from samples taken directly from the farm (21.2%). From this the study it is considered that Staphylococcosis a potential hazard for the public and contamination rate is high in distribution site which needs improvement of the hygienic status of the personnel's at distribution site.

The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices and determination of bacterial load of milk when directly milked from the udder and from the collecting bucket at the farm level in selected smallholder of Mersa town; from November 2016 to May 2017. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed and 60 milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis to assess bacterial load. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMBC) and coliform counts (CC) were conducted on milk samples. Results showed that, majority of small-dairy holders were males, managing their cattle in unclean environments and practicing extensive grazing system on communal grazing area. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of raw milk samples analyzed were 5.81 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 8.01 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) The mean coliform counts were 3.7 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 5.15 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) and the increment of both counts at the milk bucket was observed statistically significant (P=0.000) and there was no significant variation between kebeles (P=0.921) for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and (P=0.715) for coliform count. According to international standards of raw milk quality, both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. Milk produced by the selected small-holder dairy cow owners in Mersa town were of poor quality and can be a potential source of milk-borne infections.

No abstract

In Ethiopia, a breast cancer diagnosis is associated with a prognosis significantly worse than that of Europe and the US. Further, patients presenting with breast cancer in Ethiopia are far younger, on average, and patients are typically diagnosed at very late stages, relative to breast cancer patients of European descent. Emerging data suggest that a large proportion of Ethiopian patients have hormone-positive (ER +) breast cancer. This is surprising given 1) the aggressive nature of the disease, 2) that African Americans with breast cancer frequently have triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 3) these patients typically receive chemotherapy, not hormone-targeting drugs. To further examine the similarity of Ethiopian breast tumors to those of African Americans or of those of European descent, we sequenced matched normal and tumor tissue from Ethiopian patients from a small pilot collection. We identified mutations in 615 genes across all three patients, unique to the tumor tissue. Across this analysis, we found far more mutations shared between Ethiopian patient tissue and White patients (103) than we did comparing to African Americans (3). Several mutations were found in extracellular matrix encoding genes with known roles in tumor cell growth and metastasis. We suggest future mechanistic studies on this disease focus on these genes first, toward finding new treatment strategies for breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.