A cross-sectional study was conducted to know fasciolosis prevalence in cattle plus identifying the risk factors associated in and around Zenzelma town, Bahir Dar Zuria woreda, west Gojam administration Zone. The study was done in 2016. Parasitological examination of feaces collected from 192 cattle and examined using fecal sedimentation technique to understand fasciolosis prevalence was done. The study observed 26% prevalence at the study area. Associated predisposing factors taken are; site, sex, breed and age did not show a significant effect for the infection to occur (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant association of fasciolosis beteween body condition of cattle's (p<0.05) in which 38.8%, 27.3% and 10.2% of prevalence obtained in poor, medium, and good body conditions respectively. It was noticed that a highest prevalence rate of 38.8% was recorded in poor body conditioned animals. The study observed that the incidence of the infection was varying between study sites (i.e. 28.7%, 22.1%) in Gediro and Sifatra respectively. The current finding shows that fasciolosis in cattle is among the most economically important parasitic disease affecting cattle and common in areas around Bahir Dar. Hence, control strategies should be designed to minimize the occurrence of the infection.

An epidemiological (cross-sectional) and therapeutic (randomized controlled field trial) study was conducted on sheep lice in Sayint district, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to (i) quantify the magnitude of sheep lice burden and the prevailing lice species, (ii) identify and quantify risk factors affecting lice infestation in sheep, and (iii) evaluate the efficacy of commonly used acaricides (diazinon and ivermectin) against sheep lice infestation. A total of 232 randomly selected sheep, 15 naturally infested sheep, and 80 viable Bovicola ovis lice were used for epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro based therapeutic studies, respectively. Three naturally infested treatment groups each with five sheep (Group I—treated with diazinon, Group II—treated with ivermectin, and Group III—untreated/control) were used for in vivo therapeutic study. Lice count for the corresponding treatment groups was conducted on weekly basis using clinical and parasitological examinations. We used logistic regression to quantify the association between different putative risk factors and lice infestation, and the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare the within and between treatment group mean lice count variations. The overall prevalence of sheep lice in the study area was 48.3%, where Bovicola ovis (83%) was the dominant lice species. Hair length, body condition, agroecology, and season were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) associated with sheep lice infestation. Analysis of variance revealed that mean lice count significantly (P &lt; 0.05) varies between treatment groups. A significant (P &lt; 0.05) low mean lice cunt was recorded in diazinon- and ivermectin-treated groups when compared to untreated group. The in vivo efficacy of ivermectin (81%) was lower than diazinon (99%) when compared to the efficacy standard limit (98–100%). However, no significant mean lice count variation was recorded between the two groups. In vivo (99%) and in vitro (95%) assay evidence revealed that diazinon was highly effective for the treatment of sheep lice. According to this study, it can be concluded that the magnitude of sheep lice burden in Sayint district was found to be high and this could have a potential negative impact on sheep productivity and health performances. Thus, applying an appropriate intervention measure including the right choice of effective acaricides could help to control sheep lice in the study area.

Background Sheep lice, caused by Bovicola ovis are very common in Ethiopia. It can result decreased production and reproduction, downgrading and rejection of skins in tannery industries. A cross-sectional and experimental study were conducted in Sayint District, South Wollo, Ethiopia which aims to determine the prevalence of sheep lice with the associated risk factors, identify the major sheep lice species and evaluate the efficacy of 60% Diazinon and 1% Ivermectin against Bovicola ovis. Study kebeles and animals were selected using purposive and multistage sampling techniques. Accordingly, a total of 232 sheep were sampled to estimate the prevalence of sheep lice. Fifteen sheep for in-vivo and 80 Bovicola ovis lice for in-vitro test were used for drug efficacy trial, by using completely randomized design. Results The overall prevalence of sheep lice in this study was 48%. Hair length (OR = 2, P = 0.00), body condition (OR = 1.9, P = 0.02), agro ecology (OR = 1.19, P = 0.00) and season (OR = 2, P = 0.01) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with sheep lice infestation. The dominant sheep lice species in the study area were Bovicola ovis with prevalence of 83% and mixed infestation of 17% Bovicola ovis with Linognatus ovillus. In this study, the efficacy of 60% Diazinon and 1% Ivermectin against Bovicola ovis were 97% and 81%, respectively. Conclusion The overall prevalence of sheep lice infestation in the present study area was higher, in which Bovicola ovis was predominant and resistant against 1% Ivermectin. Therefore, tailor made intervention is required with a view to reducing the prevalence of sheep lice infestation and addressing drug resistance in the study area.

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