“…Literature acknowledges how PjBL implementation differs from one another. However, most previous research studies only focus on the perception towards PjBL (Haniah, Ngadiso, & Setyaningsih, 2021;Nitiasih et al, 2021;Puangpunsi, 2021), literature review on PjBL (Guo et al, 2020;Mohamad & Tamer, 2021); the benefits of PjBL (Chi, 2023;Myrtaj, 2018), and the relationship between PjBL implementation and increasing students' 4Cs abilities (Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Collaboration, and Communication) (Asman, Kumaro, & Barliana, 2022;Budiarti et al, 2021;Pardede, 2020;Priyatni & As'ari, 2019;Saimon, Lavicza, & Dana-Picard, 2023;Syahril et al, 2022). A limited number of studies compare PjBL implementations and recommend specific patterns to use.…”